NATURE OF RESEARCH

Prepared by: Research Coordinator

“Google' is not a synonym for 'research'.”
― Dan Brown, The Lost Symbol
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
1. widen students’ vocabulary through context
clues;
2. enumerate and discuss the characteristics of
research;
3. define research and discuss its purpose;
4. differentiate qualitative research from
quantitative research; and
5. kinds of Research across fields.
6. guide students in doing research by
SMART.
Key Understanding

• Understanding the importance

of research in inquiring and
investigating particular issue
or topic that is relevant in
daily life.
 Key Question

• What are the importance

of research in daily life?
Learning to conduct research is an
integral part of learning about life.
Activity 1: Making Words Meaningful
(Individual Work)
• Directions: Relying on your
stock knowledge, write on the
lines provided the meaning of
the following words. Be guided
by some clues in the given
sentences.
1. Absolute_____________________________
Man has no absolute power over something; God has.
2. Abstract______________________________
A stone is concrete; intelligence is abstract.
3. Hone________________________________
Hone your reading skills by spending more time in
reading books.
4. Adopt_________________________________
Adopt a lawful procedure in adopting those orphans.
5. Diverse________________________________
You may choose one from those diverse Chinese
products.
SEQUENCING IDEAS!
•After the individual work go to your
respective groups.
•Make a story/paragraph using the 5
words which will express their idea of
research.
•Present your work after 15 minutes.
Assign one presenter per group.
In research , there are DIVERSE ideas,
but there is no ABSOLUTE finding,
because many ideas are ABSTRACT .
Therefore, researchers should ADOPT
strategies in order to HONE their skills
to find concrete answers to their queries.
PICTURE ANALYSIS
Directions: Examine these different scenic
places. Which of these places interest you the
most? Why? Would you like to know more
about them? How do you think will be more
knowledgeable about your favorite or most
loved places?
What is Research?
“re “ - again
“ search “ – to look for, explore ,
investigate , discover , study,
inquire , examine , experiment ,
probe , analyze and scrutinize.

- to look for again, to explore anew,

to investigate again, to study again,
etc.
As a field of discipline, research is
an investigation, study, exploration
or probe on anything by applying
systematic or scientific methods in
gathering data in order to provide
answers to some questions or
problems that are aimed to improve
the quality of life.
Research is a process of executing
various mental acts for discovering and
examining facts and information to prove
the accuracy or truthfulness of your
claims or conclusions about the topic of
your research.
Research requires you to inquire or investigate
about your chosen research topic by asking
questions that will make you engage yourself in
top-level thinking strategies of interpreting,
analyzing, synthesizing, criticizing, appreciating,
or creating to enable you to discover truths about
the many things you tend to wonder about the
topic of your research work. (Litchman 2013)
 RESEARCH is …

It is a scientific way of
answering questions and
testing hypothesis
CHARACTERISTICS OF
RESEARCH
 R REPLICABILITY
E EMPERICAL
S SYSTEMATIC

R – RELIABILITY E
A
EFFICIENCY
ANALYTICAL/ACCURACY

E – EMPIRICAL R
C
H
RELEVANT
CYCLICAL
HONESTY

S – SYSTEMATIC
E – EFFICIENT
A –ANALYTCAL/A CCURACY
R – RELEVANT/RESOURCEFUL
C – CYCLICAL
H – HONESTY/ETHICAL
REPLICABILITY

Good Research is Replicable

This characteristic allows research to

be verified by replicating the study
and thereby building a sound basis for
decisions.
 EMPIRICAL

Good Research is Empirical

It implies that research is related

basically to one or more aspects of a
real situation and deals with concrete
data that provides a basis for external
validity to research results.
 SYSTEMATIC

Good Research is Systematic

It means that research is structured with

specified steps to be taken in a specified
sequence in accordance with the well defined
set of rules.
EFFICIENCY

Performing task with reasonable

reason. It simply means finding out
if it produced any outputs, outcomes
and/or societal benefits or impact.
ANALYTICAL

Research utilizes proven analytical

procedures in gathering the data,
whether historical, descriptive,
experimental or case study.
 ACCURACY
It must deal with facts, not with
mere opinions arising from
assumptions, generalizations,
predictions, or conclusions.

It must give correct or accurate data,

which the footnotes, notes, and
bibliographical entries should honestly
and appropriately documented or
acknowledged
Topic must be instrumental in
improving society or in solving
problems affecting the lives of
people in community.
“ability to act effectively or
imaginatively, especially in
difficult situations.”
 CRITICAL– research
exhibits careful and
precise judgement.

research is a cyclical
process because it
starts with a problem
and ends with a one in which a series
problem. of events happens
again and again in the
same order.
 Honesty ( Ethical )

Intellectual honesty in proposing, performing,

and reporting research refers to honesty with
respect to the meaning of one's research. It is
expected that researchers present proposals and
data honestly and communicate their best
understanding of the work in writing and
verbally.
 Why is it important to
protect human subjects in
research?
 Research can be categorized into two:

Basic Research
Applied Research
- is driven purely by - is used to answer a
curiosity and a desire to specific question that
expand our knowledge. has direct applications
to the world.
PURPOSES OF RESEARCH

• WHAT
TO IMPROVE QUALITY
• HOW OF LIFE

• WHY
1. To learn how to work independently
2. To learn how to work scientifically or
systematically
3. To have an in-depth knowledge of something
4. To elevate your mental abilities by letting you
think in higher- order thinking strategies
(HOTS) of inferring, evaluating, synthesizing,
appreciating, applying, and creating.
5. To improve your reading and writing skills
6. To be familiar with the basic tools of
research and the various techniques of
gathering data and of presenting research
findings.
7. To free yourself, to a certain extent, from
the domination or strong influence of a single
textbook or of the professor’s lone viewpoint
or spoon feeding.
 Character of Research 1/3

Basic – curiosity driven though often

tied to understanding a broad class of
problem; sometimes termed ‘blue sky?’
research as, for example, the search for
the unification of gravitation and the
other physical forces in a single theory.
Character of Research 2/3

Strategic Basic – research directed

towards a clearly defined goal, can
frequently include a strong component
of new knowledge.
Character of Research 3/3

Applied – research directed at a specific topic

with the intention of immediate application,
generally builds on earlier more fundamental
work, but can often include the exploitation of
existing knowledge in new ways.
Types of Research

Based on Application

Based on Purpose
Based on Types of Data
Based on application of
Research Method

• Pure Research

• Applied Research
Pure Research

- deals with concepts, principles, or

abstract things. It aims to increase
knowledge about something.
Applied Research

-is finding ways to make positive

changes in society because their
intention is to apply chosen
research to societal problems or
issues
Based on Purpose of the Research

Descriptive
Correlational
Explanatory
Exploratory
Action
Descriptive Research

•is a research method that describes the

characteristics of the population or
phenomenon that is being studied. In other
words, descriptive research primarily
focuses on describing the nature of a
demographic segment, without focusing
on “why” a certain phenomenon occurs.
 Correlational

research - is a type of non-experimental

research method, in which a researcher
measures two variables, understands and
assess the statistical relationship between
them with no influence from any
extraneous variable.
 Explanatory

- is conducted for a problem that was not well

researched before, demands priorities, generates
operational definitions and provides a better-
researched model. It is actually a type of research
design that focuses on explaining the aspects of
your study in a detailed manner.
 Exploratory

- as the name implies, intends merely to

explore the research questions and does not
intend to offer final and conclusive solutions
to existing problems. (A study into the role of
social networking sites as an effective
marketing communication channel)
 Action

-research is a disciplined process of

inquiry conducted by and for those taking
the action. The primary reason for
engaging in action research is to assist the
“actor” in improving and/or refining his
or her actions.
Based on Types of Data Needed

• Qualitative Research
• Quantitative Research
 Qualitative Research

-requires non-numerical data, which means that the

research uses words rather than numbers to express
the results, the inquiry, or investigation about
people’s thoughts, beliefs, feelings, views and
lifestyles regarding the object of the study. These
opinionated answers from people are not
measurable; so, verbal language is the right way to
express your findings in a qualitative research.
 Quantitative Research

-involves measurement of data. Thus, it

represents research findings referring to the
number of frequencies of something in
numerical forms (i.e., using percentages,
fractions, and numbers). Quantitative
studies are those in which the researcher
aims to quantify phenomena.
 How many infants are there in a barangay for
the year 2016?

What are the problems encountered by the

mothers with their infants ?

How many among the infants have been

immunized 2 months after birth?

What are the traditional beliefs observed by the

mothers in taking care of the infants?
 Primary Data

-data that is collected directly from the

data source without going through any
existing sources. It is mostly collected
specially for. a research project and may
be shared publicly to be used for other
research
 Secondary data

-data that has been collected in the past by

someone else but made available for others to
use. They are usually once primary data but
become secondary when used by a third party.
Approach to Research

Scientific or Positive approach

Naturalistic approach

Triangulation Approach
Scientific or Positive approach
 You discover and measure information as well as
observe and control variables in an impersonal
manner.
 It allows control of variables. Therefore, the data
gathering techniques appropriate for this approach
are structured interviews, questionnaires, and
observational checklists.
 Data given by these techniques are expressed
through numbers, which means that this method
is suitable for quantitative research.
Naturalistic Approach
 The naturalistic approach uses words.
 It directs you to deal with qualitative data that speak
of how people behave toward their surroundings.
 These are non-numerical data that express truths
about the way people perceive or understand the
world. Since people look at their world in a
subjective or personal basis in an uncontrolled or
unstructured manner, a naturalistic approach
happens in a natural setting.
 Triangulation Approach

 In this case, you are free to gather and analyze

data using multiple methods, allowing you to
combine or mix up research approaches,
research types, data gathering, and data analysis
techniques.
 Triangulation approach gives you the
opportunity to view every angle of the research
from different perspectives. (Badke 2012;
Silverman 2013)
R Research Oriented
E Efficient
S Scientific
E Effective
A Active
R Resourceful
C Creative
H Honest
E Economical
R Reliable
What is the role of research in society?
The Research Proper

What will you do?

Where will you go?

Who will you ask ?

If you want to know as to how many
are newborn ( Infants ) there are in a
barangay
S MART

S – PECIFIC
M – EASURABLE
A – TTAINABLE
R – EALISTIC
T – IME-BOUND
Read and analyze each situation to
tell which among the characteristics
of Research is highlighted. Choose
your answer from the choices in the
box. ( 2 pts/each )
ACCURACY TIMELINESS
CLARITY SYSTEMATIC
OBJECTIVENESS RELEVANCE
1. A research looking into the reasons why young adults drug
dependent/drug addicts turned into drugs.
2. A research that comes up with an innovative light provider that
uses only salt water for producing electricity.
3. In a research, one aim is to determine the problems encountered
by students who are staying in boarding houses.
4. Before conducting a research in a barangay, the researcher asked
permission from the barangay captain to conduct the research in
his area.
5. The researcher provided complete list of his references or
sources of information
1. TIMELINESS
2. RELEVANCE
3. OBJECTIVENESS
4. SYSTEMATIC
5. ACCCURACY
Explaining Learned Concepts

Activity 1: Question Hour (Whole-Class Activity)

Directions: Raise your questions about research- its

characteristics, types and importance to your everyday life.
Direct your inquiry to any of your classmates, who, in turn,
will also ask a question after succeeding in answering the
question given to him/her.
Elaborating Learned Concepts

Activity 1: Identifying specific research topic. (Individual

Work)

Directions: Identify the specific type of research for each

given topic by entering the number of the research type in the
correct column. Likewise, below the number representing
your answer, write the importance of such research in your
day –to- day life.
Action Pure Applied
1. Theory of Relativity
2.National High School Street
Foods
3.Landline versus Cellphone
4.Reasons Behind Tuition Free
Increases
5.Manila Flash Flood Solutions
6.High School Assessment
Practices
7. Critical Thinking and Creative
Thinking in Learning-Teaching
Situations
Descriptive Explanatory Correlation
8.The Why and How of Internet
Use
9.Effects of Korean Telenovela on
Filipino TV Viewers
10.Digital Age
11.Teaching Through PowerPoint
Presentations
12.Lev Vygotsky’s Zone of
Proximal Development
Activity 2: Pair Work

Directions: Make a graphical presentation

of the classification and types of research.
Activity 3: Group Work

Directions: Form a group of three. Think of your

own topics for each research type. Keeping in mind
what you have learned from this lesson, come to an
agreement about the reasons to justify the specific
research for each chosen topic. Make a group
presentation of the results and critique each other’s
presentation on the basis of learned concepts about
research types.
DIFFERENTIATE RESEARCH PROBLEM
FROM RESEARCH QUESTION.

GIVE EXAMPLE FOR EACH.