ATP-ADP Cycle

Fourth Quarter
 What Is ATP?

Adenosine Triphosphate - the

compound used by living things to
get cellular work done.
What is ADP?

Adenosine Diphosphate
What do you mean by ‘cellular work’?

1) Cell Movement

2) Protein synthesis

3) Active Transport

(Low to high concentration across membrane)

Chemical Structure of ATP

Adenine Base

3 Phosphates Ribose Sugar

 ATP
JOB
ene --- stor
rgy e&
re leas
e
Adenosine triphosphate

+
P

ribose
-

adenine
 ADP
JOB
--
stor - energ
e y
Pho d by ad can be
s d
ATP phate.. ing ano
Adenosine diphosphate and t
beco her
mi n
g

+
P

ribose
-

adenine
ATP-ADP Cycle
 + +
Releasing energy

Storing energy

- -

ATP
ADP
P
Releasing energy
P P

P Storing energy P

ribose ribose

adenine adenine
 How Do We Get Energy From ATP?

By breaking
the high-
energy
bonds
between
the last
two
phosphates
in ATP
What is the name of the process by
which water is added to ATP to break off
a phosphate group and release energy?

HYDROLYSIS !
(To break apart by adding water)
Is anything else required for
hydrolysis other than water?
Yes…An Enzyme!
 How is ATP Re-Made?
Dehydration Synthesis
(To build by removing water.)

Another Enzyme!

ATP Synthase
The ATP – ADP Cycle
 A Reversible Chemical Reaction
Process: Hydrolysis

ATP ADP + Pi
Enzyme = ATPase

Process: Dehydration Synthesis

ADP + Pi ATP
Enzyme = ATP Synthase
 Where does the energy come from to
make ATP in animals? Answer: Food!
Your body is constantly gleaning
chemical energy from food molecules
and transferring the energy to ATP by
a process called…
Cellular Respiration.

All living things perform this process

in some form.
Where does the energy come from to
make ATP in plants? Answer: The Sun!
Plants are working during daylight hours to
convert the light energy of the Sun into
the chemical energy of ATP. This process
is called…
Photosynthesis

Only photoautotrophs perform this

process.
Some organisms are autotrophs and others are heterotrophs.

Autotrophs Heterotrophs

Make their own food Cannot make their own food

• with light – photoautotrophs They get their energy by the foods
• with chemicals -- chemoautotrophs they eat
• Carbohydrates
– most commonly broken down to make
ATP.
– not stored in large amounts
– up to 36 ATP from one glucose molecule

• Lipids
– store the most energy.
– 80% of energy in your body
– About 146 ATP from a triglyceride

• Proteins
– least likely to be broken down to make ATP.
– amino acids not usually needed for energy
– about the same amount of energy as a carb.
 ASSESSMENT
Answer the following questions by encircling the
options that corresponds to your best answer:
1. Where is ATP made in the cell?
A. nucleus
B. ribosomes
C. mitochondria
D. endoplasmic reticulum
2. Adenine is found in which genetic materials?
A. RNA
B. DNA
C. both DNA and RNA
D. either DNA or RNA but not both
3. The energy stored in ATP is located in which component?
E. ribose
F. adenine
G. one of the phosphate groups
H. the bonds between phosphate groups
4. Ribose is a kind of _____________.
A. salt
B. sugar
C. protein
D. carbohydrate
5. For us to be able to do mechanical work, we need ATP. What is
our source of ATP?
E. protein
F. vitamins
G. minerals
H. carbohydrates
 Performance Task
What you need?
• 3 colored papers (different colors)
• Pair of scissors
• Paste/glue

What to do?
• Construct your own ATP molecule using the materials above. Use
the shapes below to make your ATP Molecular Model. You can
use any three different colors of colored papers.
• Cut the colored papers according to the shapes indicated above.
• Paste your ATP Molecular Model (RNA Nucleotide) on a short
bond paper.
Rubrics
Overall appearance 10
Timelines 10
Theoretical Concept of the Model 10
total 30pts