Equipment Preparation

EMTT BASIC
 USE OF MEDICAL
EQUIPMENT IS GOVERNED
BY MEDICAL ACT
 LECTURE OUTLINE
• Introduction to medical devices
• Classification and types of equipments
• Basic guidelines on medical equipment usage
• Daily preparation of equipments
• Cleansing and sterilization of equipments
 LECTURE OBJECTIVES
• Know the importance of equipments in daily
practice
• Understand the various types of equipments
• Know on how methods to cleanse for
equipments either by cleansing, soaking or
heat sterilization.
 EQUIPMENT
INTRODUCTION
• Armamentarium of the trade
– Tools to facilitate service
• Used correctly may save live
• Used inappropriately may endanger provider
and patient
 EQUIPMENT
CLASSIFICATION OF EQUIPMENTS
1. Medical monitoring and examination devices
2. Extrication and immobilization devices
3. Patient transportation devices
4. Treatment and intervention devices
– Surgical devices
– Dressings and bandages
– Medications
– Airway and ventilation equipments
5. Personal protective equipment
6. Communications and record keeping
 EQUIPMENT
TYPE OF EQUIPMENT
• Assets
– Equipment which are permanent
– Usually are used on daily basis
– Occasionally may require cleansing or autoclaving
– Require periodic maintenance
• Disposables
– Equipment that are meant for single-use only
 MEDICAL EQUIPMENT
EMTT-B ACCERDITATION
1. Medical monitoring and examination devices – non-invasive
– Basic vital signs monitoring: heart rate, temperature, blood
pressure
– Stethoscopes
2. Extrication and immobilization devices
3. Patient transportation devices
4. Treatment and intervention devices
– Automated electrical defibrillators
– Surgical devices – basic dressing kit
– Dressings and bandages
– Airway and ventilation equipments – non-invasive methods of
airway and ventilatory management
 EQUIPMENT
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
• selected on the basis of ease of use, weight,
size and compatibility
• Preparation of kits – based on usage
– equipment packs should be individually sealed –
mission ready sign
• Equipment packs should be clearly labelled.
• Recharging policy for battery operated
equipments
 EQUIPMENT
USAGE BASICS
• Get to know the equipment
– The basic functions
– The added features
– Limitation of usage
• User training
– Functionality of equipment relies on user (EMT)
• Periodic maintenance of equipment
– Daily maintenance and cleansing
– Periodic scheduled maintenance
 EQUIPMENT
COMMON PITFALLS
• Power failure
• Oxygen depletion
• Missing equipment;
• Lack of familiarity in use of transfer equipment
• Reliance on others’ equipment during
malfunctions or missing
 MONITORING & EXAMINATION
THE DEVICES - IMPORTANCE
1. Allow identification of variations in a
physiological variable of patients
2. Evidence of response to therapy
3. Data for research purposes
 MONITORING & EXAMINATION
THE DEVICES
• Patient vital signs monitors
– Vital signs measured: HR, BP and SpO2
– Device may be individual for each parameter or
multiple parameters in single device
– Automated or manual
• Stethoscope for clinical examination
• Portable torchlight
– For added light visualisation
BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT DEVICES
OXYGEN SATURATION MEASUREMENT DEVICES
PORTABLE CRITICAL CARE MONITORS
STETHOSCOPES AND PEN TORCH
EXTRICATION & IMMOBILIZATION
THE DEVICES
• Extrication devices
– Tools to facilitate removal of person from
entrapment situation
• Skeletal immobilizers
– Devices when applied refrains limb or joint from
particular plane of movement
– May be associated with traction force
EXTRICATION & IMMOBILIZATION
EXTRICATION DEVICES
 BASIC PARAMEDICS EQUIPMENTS
SKELETAL IMMOBILISATION
• Cervical colar (adjustable).
• Head Immobiliser (various sizes).
• Upper limb Immobiliser (various sizes).
• Lower Limb Immobiliser (various sizes).
• Scope stretcher
CERVICAL COLLARS
SCOOP STRETCHER
UPPER LIMB IMMOBILISERS
LOWER LIMB IMMOBILISERS
HEAD IMMOBILISER
TRANSPORTATION DEVICES
THE DEVICES
TREATMENT & INTERVENTION DEVICES
AUTOMATED ELECTRICAL DEFIBRILLATOR
TREATMENT & INTERVENTION DEVICES
SURGICAL DEVICES
 TREATMENT & INTERVENTION DEVICES
WOUND MANAGEMENT
• Water for Irrigation.
• Compression bandages.
• Triangular Bandages.
• Gauze and cotton wools
• Biohazard plastic or containers for waste
WOUND MANAGEMENT SET
DISPOSIBLE STERILE DRESSING EQUIPMENT
WATER FOR IRRIGATION
ADVANCED
BANDAGES OR
DRESSINGS
 TREATMENT & INTERVENTION DEVICES
AIRWAY MANAGEMENT
• Suction equipment
– Portable suction pump
– Connecters
– Suction devices – rigid and flexible
• Magill forceps
• Airway adjuncts
– Oropharyngeal airway
– Nasopharyngeal airway
• Lubrication gel
PORTABLE SUCTION
MAGILL FORCEPS
OROPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY
NASOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY
 TREATMENT & INTERVENTION DEVICES
OXYGEN DELIVERY DEVICES
• Oxygen Supply or Oxygen Tank with oxygen
regulator.
• Nasal cannula
• High Flow Mask.
– Rebreathable
– Non-rebreathable
NON-REBREATHABLE HIGH FLOW MASK

RESERVOIR
ONE WAY VALVE
VENTOURI MASK

VENTOURI FLOW REGULATOR

NASAL PRONGS
 TREATMENT & INTERVENTION DEVICES
VENTILATION DELIVERY DEVICES
• Bag and mask
• Pocket mask
 BAG-MASK DEVICE
OXYGEN VALVE
MASK
CONNECTOR

BAG
 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
THE EQUIPMENTS
• Skin barriers
– Gloves.
– Apron.
– Appropriate shoes
• Respiratory protection
– Surgical Face Mask.
– N95 or N100 mask
• Eye protection
– Eye goggles
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

46
 EQUIPMENT
DAILY PREPARATION
• Equipment checks
– Done prior to starting a shift
– Ensure service not disrupted due to equipment absence or failure
• Ideally carried out by two people – check and response techniques
• Check list beneficial
– Items listed
– Quantity required ensured
• Condition of each item are inspected
• Secure storage of equipment – potential projectiles in
ambulance
 EQUIPMENT
POST RESPONSE REPLENISHMENT
• Permanent assets are kept in proper
placement
– Inspected for any damages if suspected
• Reusable items are cleansed appropriately
prior to redeployment
– Blood removed
• Disposable items are replenished
 CLEANSING OF REUSABLE EQUIPMENTS -
METHODS
• Soaking with bactericidal cleansers
– Cydex or Gigasept
– Stainless steel equipment
– Equipment not suitable for autoclave
• Autoclave
– Sterile equipments
• Wash or wipe
– Surface detergent wipes
– stethoscopes
CLEANSERS
EQUIPMENT CLEANSING
SOAKING OF EQUIPMENT
 EQUIPMENT
SUMMARY
• Invaluable armamentarium of first
responders
• Require proper usage, maintenance and
care to maintain reliability during usage
• Knowledge on various equipment required
• Improper usage of equipment may lead to
harm than benefit.