PERSONALITY

BY:

Aditya Sharma
Aditya Negi
Aditya Singh
Akshat
Akshat Singh
What is Personality?
What is Personality?

 Personality describes the unique patterns of thoughts,

feelings, and behaviors that distinguish a person from
others.
 It is the totality of habits, attitudes and traits resulting
from socialization and characterizes a person.
 This is what makes a person unique.
 Personality is a term that stems from a Latin word
“Persona”, which refers to a theatrical mask worn by
performers to play roles or disguise their identities.
 What is Personality?

 Examples of personality can be found in how we

describe other people's traits. For instance, "She is
generous, caring, and a bit of a perfectionist," or "They
are loyal and protective of their friends."
 After a certain age, personality is mostly consistent. In
different situations, you’ll act or think in a similar way
because of your personality. However, certain
personality traits and behavior patterns can change
over time.
How does Personality develop?
 How does Personality develop?
 Personality development refers to the process by which the
organized thought and behaviour patterns that make up a
person's unique personality emerge over time. Many factors
influence personality, including genetics and environment,
how we were parented, and societal variables.
 Perhaps most importantly, it is the ongoing interaction of
all these influences that continue to shape personality.
Personality involves not only inborn traits but also the
development of cognitive and behavioural patterns that
influence how we think and act.
 How does Personality develop?
Research suggests that people are not simply born with certain
patterns and traits, rather, they develop over time.
A person's personality may be influenced by:
 Genes
 Life experiences
 Adverse events they've faced
 Community and Culture
 Early bonds
Theory Of Personality
Various theories of personality are:
 Type theory
 Trait theory
 Psychoanalytic theory
 Holistic theory
 Humanistic theory
 Social learning theory
Brief description of some famous theories
Type theory
According to this people are grouped into identifiable categories. In this a
person's personality is judged on the basis of his physical appearance. For
example a tall, thin person is characterized as an introverted type and a
self conscious type of person whereas a short, plump person is considered
as a sociable and relaxed person.
Trait theory
In this, someone's personality is understood by their traits which are
abstracted from their behaviour. There are two ways of assessing
someone's personality traits either by asking from individual about his
behaviour and feelings or by asking from someone else about the
behaviour of the individual.
Psychoanalytic theory
It was given by Sigmund Freud . According to him a human
mind is like an iceberg. Only a small portion of it protrudes
above the water which represents conscious experience while
the part below the water level represents the unconscious
which is a storehouse of impulses,passion and primitive
instincts. It is this unconscious portion that tends to affect an
individual's behaviour and thoughts.
Personality Types
Personality Types
Type theories suggest that there are a limited number of personality
types that are related to biological influences.
One theory suggests there are four types of personality. They are:
Type A: Perfectionist, impatient, competitive, work-obsessed,
achievement-oriented, aggressive, stressed
Type B: Low stress, even-tempered, flexible, creative, adaptable to
change, patient, tendency to procrastinate
Type C: Highly conscientious, perfectionist, struggles to reveal emotions
(positive and negative)
Type D: Worrying, sad, irritable, pessimistic, negative self-talk, avoidance
of social situations, lack of self-confidence, fear of rejection, appears
gloomy, hopeless.
There are other popular theories of personality types such as the Myers-Briggs
theory. The Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator identifies a personality
based on where someone is on four continuums: introversion-extraversion,
sensing-intuition, thinking-feeling, and judging-perceiving.

After taking a Myers-Briggs personality test, you are assigned one of 16

personality types. Examples of these personality types are:

ISTJ: Introverted, sensing, thinking, and judging. People with this personality
type are logical and organized; they also tend to be judgmental.
INFP: Introverted, intuitive, feeling, and perceiving. They tend to be idealists
and sensitive to their feelings.
ESTJ: Extroverted, sensing, thinking, and judging. They tend to be assertive
and concerned with following the rules.
ENFJ: Extroverted, intuitive, feeling, and judging. They are known as "givers"
for being warm and loyal; they may also be overprotective.
The interesting – and somewhat alarming – fact about the
Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator is that, despite its
popularity, it has been subject to sustained criticism by
professional psychologists for over three decades. One problem is
that it displays what statisticians call low "test-retest reliability."
So if you retake the test after only a five-week gap, there's
around a 50% chance that you will fall into a different personality
category compared to the first time you took the test.
Personality Attributes
BIG FIVE PERSONALITY
DIMENSIONS
O
C
 
E
A
N
 Openness

 Openness (also referred to as openness to experience)

emphasizes imagination and insight the most out of all five
personality traits. 
 People who are high in openness tend to have a broad range
of interests. They are curious about the world and other
people and are eager to learn new things and enjoy new
experiences.
 People who are high in this personality trait also tend to be
more adventurous and creative. Conversely, people low in
this personality trait are often much more traditional and
may struggle with abstract thinking.
High Low

 Open to trying new things  Simple

 Focused on tackling new  Unimaginative
challenges  Conventional
 Curious  Dislikes change
 Intelligent  Does not enjoy new things
 Broad-minded  Resists new ideas
 Creative
 Imaginative Cultured
Conscientiousness
 Among each of the personality traits, conscientiousness is
one defined by high levels of thoughtfulness, good impulse
control, and goal-directed behaviors. 
 Highly conscientious people tend to be organized and
mindful of details. They plan ahead, think about how their
behavior affects others, and are mindful of deadlines.
 Someone scoring lower in this primary personality trait is
less structured and less organized. They may procrastinate
to get things done, sometimes missing deadlines
completely.
High Low
 Spends time preparing  Dislikes structure and
 Finishes important tasks schedules
right away  Makes mess and doesn't
 Pays attention to detail take care of things
 Enjoys having a set  Fails to return things or put
schedule them back where they
belong
 Dependable
 Responsible
 Procrastinate important
tasks
 Fails to complete necessary
or assigned tasks
Extraversion
 Extraversion (or extroversion) is a personality trait
characterized by excitability, sociability, talkativeness,
assertiveness, and high amounts of emotional
expressiveness.
 People high in etraversion are outgoing and tend to gain
energy in social situations. Being around others helps
them feel energized and excited.
 People who are low in this personality trait or introverted
tend to be more reserved. They have less energy to
expend in social settings and social events can feel
draining. Introverts often require a period of solitude and
quiet in order to "recharge."
High
 Enjoys being the center of
attention
 Likes to start conversations
 Enjoys meeting new people
 Has a wide social circle of
friends and acquaintances
 Finds it easy to make new
friends
 Feels energized when around
other people
 Say things before thinking
about them
Low
 Prefers solitude
 Feels exhausted when having
to socialize a lot
 Finds it difficult to start
conversations
 Dislikes making small talk
 Carefully thinks things
through before speaking
 Dislikes being the center of
attention
Agreeableness

 This personality trait includes attributes such as trust,

kindness, affection, and other prosocial behavior. 
 People who are high in agreeableness tend to be more
cooperative
 While those low in this personality trait tend to be more
competitive and sometimes even manipulative.
High Low

 Has a great deal of  Takes little interest in

interest in other people others
 Cares about others  Doesn't care about how
 Feels empathy and other people feel
concern for other people  Has little interest in other
 Enjoys helping and people's problems
contributing to the  Insults and belittles others
happiness of other people  Manipulates others to get
 Assists others who are in what they want
need of help
Neuroticism
 Neuroticism is a personality trait characterized by
sadness, moodiness, and emotional instability.
  Individuals who are high in neuroticism tend to
experience mood swings, anxiety, irritability, and
sadness.
 Those low in this personality trait tend to be more stable
and emotionally resilient.
High
 Experiences a lot of stress
 Worries about many
different things
 Gets upset easily
 Experiences dramatic
shifts in mood
 Feels anxious
 Struggles to bounce back
after stressful events
Low
 Emotionally stable
 Deals well with stress
 Rarely feels sad or
depressed
 Doesn't worry much
 Is very relaxed
THANK YOU