THE BIG 5 PERSONALITY

TRAITS
Presented By:-Group 5 Roll No:- 22-26
Anshul Patidar
Anupam Anand
Arya Verma
Aryaman Dev Kumar
Ayush Aryan Singh
INTRODUCTION

• The Big Five Model, also known as the

Five-Factor Model, is the most widely
accepted personality theory held by
psychologists today. The theory states
that personality can be boiled down to
five core factors, known by the acronym
CANOE or OCEAN:
• Big Five Model asserts that each
personality trait is a spectrum.
• Therefore, individuals are ranked on a
scale between the two extreme ends
of five broad dimensions: 
OPENNESS

• Openness (also referred to as openness to experience) emphasizes

imagination and insight the most out of all five personality traits.
It to experience refers to one’s willingness to try new things as
well as engage in imaginative and intellectual activities. It
includes the ability to “think outside of the box.”
COMPARISON B/W HIGH AND LOW

HIGH LOW
• Very creative • Dislike change
• Open to trying new things • Doesn’t enjoy new things
• Focused on tackling new • Resist new ideas
challenges • Not very imaginative
• Happy to think about abstract • Dislike abstract or theoretical
concepts concepts.
CONSCIENTIOUSNESS

• Among each of the personality traits, conscientiousness is one

defined by high levels of thoughtfulness, good impulse control,
and goal-directed behaviors. It describes a person’s ability to
regulate their impulse control in order to engage in goal-directed
behaviors. It measures elements such as control, inhibition, and
persistency of behavior.
COMPARISON B/W HIGH AND LOW
HIGH
• Spends time preparing
• Finishes important tasks right
away
• Pays attention to detail
• Enjoys having a set schedule.
LOW
• Dislikes structures and schedules
• Makes messes and doesn’t take
care of things
• Fails to return things or put them
back where they belong
• Procrastinates important tasks
• Fails to complete necessary or
assigned tasks.
EXTRAVERSION

• Extraversion (or extroversion) is a personality trait characterized

by excitability, sociability, talkativeness, assertiveness, and high
amounts of emotional expressiveness. It reflects the tendency and
intensity to which someone seeks interaction with their
environment, particularly socially. It encompasses the comfort and
assertiveness levels of people in social situations.
COMPARISON B/W HIGH AND LOW
HIGH
• Enjoys being the center of attention
• Likes to start conversations
• Enjoys meeting new people
• Has a wide social circle of friends and
acquaintances
• Finds it easy to make new friends
• Feels energized when around other
people
• Say things before thinking about them
LOW
• Prefers solitude
• Feels exhausted when having to
socialize a lot
• Finds it difficult to start
conversations
• Dislikes making small talk
• Carefully thinks things through
before speaking
• Dislikes being the center of attention
AGREEABLENESS

• This personality trait includes attributes such as trust, altruism,

kindness, affection, and other prosocial behaviors. It refers to how
people tend to treat relationships with others. Unlike extraversion
which consists of the pursuit of relationships, agreeableness
focuses on people’s orientation and interactions with others
COMPARISON B/W HIGH AND LOW
HIGH
• Has a great deal of interest in
other people
• Cares about others
• Feels empathy and concern for
other people
• Enjoys helping and contributing to
the happiness of other people
• Assists others who are in need of
help
LOW
• Takes little interest in others
• Doesn't care about how other
people feel
• Has little interest in other
people's problems
• Insults and belittles others
• Manipulates others to get what
they want
NEUROTICISM

• Neuroticism is a personality trait characterized by sadness,

moodiness, and emotional instability. It describes the overall
emotional stability of an individual through how they perceive the
world. It takes into account how likely a person is to interpret
events as threatening or difficult.
COMPARISON B/W HIGH AND LOW

HIGH LOW
• Anxious • Doesn't worry much
• Angry hostility (irritable) • Calm
• Experiences a lot of stress • Emotionally stable
• Self-consciousness (shy) • Confident
• Vulnerability • Resilient
• Experiences dramatic shifts in • Rarely feels sad or depressed
mood
STABILITY OF TRAITS

People’s scores of the Big Five remain relatively stable for most of
their life with some slight changes from childhood to adulthood.
They found that overall agreeableness and conscientiousness
increased with age. There was no significant trend for extraversion.
Openness to experience and neuroticism decreased slightly from
adolescence to middle adulthood.
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE BIG 5

Like with all theories of personality,

the Big Five is influenced by both
nature and nurture.
Twin studies have found that the
heritability (the amount of variance
that can be attributed to genes) of
the Big Five traits is 40-60%.
THANK YOU
Presented By:-Group 5 Roll No:- 22-26
Anshul Patidar
Anupam Anand
Arya Verma
Aryaman Dev Kumar
Ayush Aryan Singh
Twin Theory

• Twin theory was assessed using 123 pairs of identical twins and
127 pairs of fraternal twins.
• Broad genetic influence on the five dimensions of neuroticism,
extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness was
estimated at 41,53,61,41,44 %.

* To form identical twins, one fertilised egg splits and develops into two babies with
exactly the same genetic information. To form fraternal twins, two eggs are fertilised
by two sperm and produce two genetically unique children.
How do we typically measure personality?

This is achieved using a question-based model, asking respondents to

rate themselves based on their reactions to given situations, generally
on a sliding or likert scale. Then algorithms are used to turn these
subjective answers into objective personality traits.  
What is personality theory ? Its history ?

• Personality theories is study of how an individual develops their

personality and can be utilized studying personality disorders.
• The five basic traits were identified in 1949 by D. W. Fiske (1949)
and later expanded upon by other researchers including Norman
(1967), Smith (1967), Goldberg (1981), and McCrae & Costa (1987).
• At one point, Gordon Allport found over 4000 traits. Even when this
was reduced to 16 it was seen as too complicated. This is where The
Big Five personality traits began to grow in popularity.