Lecture: 18

Module C: Solid Waste Management

COURSE Id: CE302

BTech: All Departments

1
 MODULE 3: RECAP: SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE
Solid Waste Management Importance
Difference between solid and hazardous waste
Management of Solid Waste
Sources and type of solid waste
Characteristics of Solid waste
Treatment systems of solid waste
Hazardous waste characteristics
Different landfills
Composting
Incineration
Pyrolysis
Hazardous waste Treatment Technologies
Reuse options
 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
EIA
It is the procedure for assessing the impacts on the environment likely to result from
development process. It is a scientific technique existing with in a legal framework. It is
a process for decision making.

Why do EIA
National green tribunal
The National Green Tribunal act (NGT) was established in 2010 under India’s
constitutional provision of Article 21, which assures the citizens of India, the right to a
healthy environment.

1. Anticipated environmental impacts can be weighed against economic benefits and

other social gains.
2. Early identification of environmental impacts; predicted impacts can be mitigated
before they occur.
3. Help to adopt sustainable environmental management practices.
 Problems related to EIA method and its solutions
1. Encourage clustering of industries
2. Assess the potential chemical accidents
3. Projects involving large scale diversion of prime agricultural land would require
environmental appraisal

Environmental Audit (EA)

It involves the comparison of the impacts predicted in the EIA with those actually occurring
after implementations to assess whether the impact prediction performs satisfactorily.
 Types of EIA

1. Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)

2. Regional EIA: Integrates environmental concerns, normally at the sub country level
3. Sectoral EIA
4. Project level EIA
 People involved

The EIA needs to be structured with a set of clear aims. It needs to be comprehensive,
addresses all potential environmental, social and cultural effects.

1. Decision maker
2. Assessor
3. Proponent
4. Reviewer
5. Expert advisors
6. Special interest groups
 EIA Process
Screening
Informal Consultation
Scoping

Regulatory review
Regulatory approval

Baseline study Risk Assessment

Draft EIA Mitigation

Expert review Residual RA

Stakeholder review

Final EIA EMP

Regulatory review EMP: Environment Management

Regulatory approval Plan
Screening
Determines the requirement for EIA for the location of development. Establishes the level
of reference.
Scoping
Identify the key issues and impacts. Establish the term of reference detailing the terms of
references of EIA. It outlines the significant issues, which has to be addressed in the EIA
study
Baseline data: It describes the existing environment state of the identified study area. The
site-specific primary data should be monitored for the identified area.
Impact prediction: It is the way of mapping the environment consequences of the
significant aspects of the project and its alternatives.
EIA is important for (1994)
• List of projects requiring environmental clearance from the central government
• Ports, harbor, petroleum refineries, pesticides, pulp paper, electroplating

Environmental impact can never be predicted with absolute certainty and this is all the
more reason to consider all possible factors and take all possible precautions for predicting
the degree of uncertainty.
The following impacts of the project should be assessed
Air
Point source, mobile source
Noise
Ambient level change in noise generated from equipment and effect on fauna (animals)
Water
Change in quality, sediment transport, ingress of saline water
Land
Changes in land use and drainage system. Changes in land quality including factors of
waste disposal, change in short line: river, lake and their stability
Biological
Deforestation, tree cutting, flora and fauna, rare and endangered species, impact on
breeding and nesting groves
Socioeconomic
Impact on the local community including demographic changes