GETTIN

G TO
KNOW
“Communication
”
a s
M reet e r ’
s Deg
TOPIC INTRODUCTION
 CONTENTS

Origin of Various Definitions

The Word of The Word The Elements of
Communication “Communication” Communication

Types of Significance of
Communicatio Models of
n Communication Communicatio
n
 01
Etymological
Origin of
The Word
Communication
The word "communication" originated
from the Latin word "communicatio,"
which is derived from the verb
"communicare." "Communicare"
means "to share" or "to have
something in common" in Latin.
 02
Various
Definitions of
The Word
“Communication
”
 "Who says what, in which
channel, to whom, with what
effect.”

Lasswell emphasizes the elements

involved in the communication
process, including the sender,
message, medium/channel,
Harold D. receiver, and the impact or effect of
Lasswel the communication.
"The process by which information is
transferred from a source to a
receiver, with the objective of
achieving shared understanding."

Shannon and Weaver's model focuses Shannon and Weaver

on the technical aspects of
communication, highlighting the
transmission of information from a
sender to a receiver and the importance
of mutual comprehension.
 "The sharing of information,
ideas, and attitudes among
members of a society."

Schramm emphasizes the social

aspect of communication,
highlighting the exchange of
information, ideas, and attitudes
among individuals within a society.
Wilbur Schramm
"The medium is the message."

McLuhan's famous quote suggests

that the medium through which
communication occurs has a
significant influence on how the
message is perceived and interpreted.

Marshal McLuhan
 "The process by which an
individual (or group) interacts
with others through the use of
symbols, signs, and/or behaviors.“

Rogers emphasizes the interactive

nature of communication and the
use of various means, including
language, symbols, and actions, to
Everett Rogers convey meaning.
"The process of transmitting
information and understanding
from one person to another."

Berlo's definition emphasizes the

transmission of both information and
understanding between individuals as
a fundamental aspect of
communication. David Berlo
 "A systemic process in which
individuals interact with and
through symbols to create and
interpret meanings."

Burgoon highlights the systematic

nature of communication,
involving the interaction between
individuals using symbols to create
Michael Burgoon and interpret meaning.
"A symbolic process whereby reality
is produced, maintained, repaired,
and transformed."

Carey views communication as a

symbolic process that not only
conveys reality but also plays a role
in constructing and shaping reality
itself. James W. Carey
 "A system of symbolic behavior
whereby people give meaning to
the world.“

Geertz emphasizes the symbolic

nature of communication,
suggesting that it is through
communication that individuals
assign meaning and significance to
Clifford Geertz their surroundings.
"The collaborative process of using
messages to create and participate in
social reality."

Wood's definition highlights the

collaborative aspect of
communication, where individuals
engage in the exchange of messages
to create and actively participate in
the construction of social reality. Julia T. Wood
03
The Elements
of
Communicatio
n
 The sender or encoder is the person or entity who initiates the
1. Sender/ communication process. They create and formulate the message to be
Encoder conveyed to the receiver.

The message is the information, idea, or intent that the sender wants to
2. Message communicate. It can be in the form of spoken words, written text, visual
images, gestures, or any other mode of expression.

The medium or channel is the means through which the message is

3. Medium/ transmitted from the sender to the receiver. It can be face-to-face
Channel conversation, telephone, email, written documents, video conferencing,
social media platforms, or any other communication tool.
The receiver or decoder is the intended recipient of the message. They
4. Receiver/ interpret and decode the message to understand its meaning and
Decoder
significance.
Feedback is the response or reaction provided by the receiver to the
5. Feedback sender. It indicates whether the message has been understood, received,
and how it has been interpreted. Feedback can be verbal or nonverbal,
explicit or implicit.
 Context refers to the circumstances, environment, or situation in which
the communication takes place. It includes the physical setting, cultural
6. Context background, social norms, and any other relevant factors that influence
the interpretation and understanding of the message.
Noise or interference refers to any hindrance or distortion that affects the
7. Noise/ communication process. It can be external noise (such as background
Interference sounds) or internal noise (such as preconceived notions or language
barriers) that disrupts the message transmission or reception.
Encoding is the process of converting thoughts, ideas, or information into a
8. Encoding form that can be transmitted to the receiver. Decoding is the reverse process
and Decoding of interpreting and making sense of the received message.

Contextual understanding refers to the shared knowledge, experiences,

9. Contextual cultural backgrounds, and social norms that shape the interpretation of
Understandin the message within a particular context. It plays a crucial role in effective
g
communication.
The purpose or goal of communication refers to the intended outcome or
10. Purpose/ objective that the sender wants to achieve through the communication
Goal process. It can be to inform, persuade, entertain, express emotions,
establish relationships, or any other desired outcome.
 Various Types
of
Communication
04
 Verbal
Communicatio
n n
This type of communication
involves the use of spoken or
written words to convey
messages. It includes face-to-
face conversations, telephone
conversations, presentations,
speeches, interviews, emails,
letters, and other written forms
of communication.
Nonverbal
Communicatio
Nonverbal communication
refers to the transmission of
messages without the use of
words. It includes body
language, facial expressions,
gestures, posture, eye
contact, tone of voice, touch,
and other forms of nonverbal
cues.
 Written
Communicatio
n n
Written communication
involves the use of written
words to convey messages. It
includes emails, letters, memos,
reports, articles, blogs, social
media posts, and any other form
of written text used for
communication.
Oral
Communicatio
Oral communication refers to the
exchange of information through
spoken words. It includes face-to-
face conversations, meetings,
presentations, speeches,
telephone conversations, and any
other form of communication that
relies on spoken language.
 Visual
Communicatio
n n
Visual communication utilizes
visual elements to convey
messages. It includes the use of
charts, graphs, diagrams, maps,
photographs, videos,
infographics, and other visual
aids to enhance understanding
and convey information.
Interpersonal
Communicatio
Interpersonal communication occurs
between two or more individuals. It
involves direct interaction, exchange
of thoughts, ideas, and emotions, and
the building of relationships. This type
of communication can take place in
various settings, such as personal
conversations, social gatherings, and
professional interactions.
 Group
Communicatio
n n
Group communication refers to
the exchange of information and
ideas among members of a group
or team. It involves discussions,
brainstorming sessions, meetings,
and collaborative decision-
making processes within a group
setting.
Mass
Communicatio
Mass communication involves
the dissemination of information
to a large and diverse audience
through various channels. It
includes television, radio,
newspapers, magazines, websites,
social media platforms, and other
forms of mass media.
 Digital
Communicatio
n n
Digital communication involves
the use of digital technologies
for communication purposes. It
includes email, instant
messaging, video conferences,
online forums, social media
platforms, and other digital
tools that facilitate
communication.
Intercultural
Communicatio
Intercultural communication
occurs between individuals from
different cultural backgrounds. It
involves understanding and
navigating cultural differences in
communication styles, norms, and
values to promote effective cross-
cultural understanding.
 05
The Different
Models of
Communication
 Linear Model
The linear model, as mentioned earlier, portrays communication as a
one-way process where information flows in a straight line from the
sender to the receiver.
 Shannon-Weaver Model
The Shannon-Weaver model emphasizes the transmission of
information through a channel, accounting for noise and the decoding
of messages by the receiver.
 Transactional Model
The transactional model views communication as a simultaneous and
interactive process where both the sender and receiver exchange
messages, influenced by feedback and the surrounding context.
 Osgood-Schramm Model
This model considers communication as a process influenced by
various factors such as the psychological and social backgrounds of
the sender and receiver, shared experiences, and cultural contexts.
 Berlo's S-M-C-R Model
Berlo's model expands on the linear model by adding the source (sender's
thoughts and ideas) and the destination (receiver's understanding and
interpretation of the message) to the components of sender, message,
channel, and receiver.
 Westley and Maclean Model
This model emphasizes the role of interpersonal communication within
a social system, highlighting the process of sharing and interpreting
messages within a societal context.
 Barnlund's Transactional
Barnlund's model focuses onModel
the negotiation of meaning between sender
and receiver, highlighting the importance of encoding, decoding, and
feedback in communication.
 Dance's Helical Model
Dance's model visualizes communication as a spiraling process of
learning and understanding, where individuals build upon previous
interactions and experiences to deepen their understanding over time.
 Communication Accommodation
Theory
This theory, developed by Howard Giles, explores how individuals
adjust their communication styles to match or adapt to others in order to
minimize social differences and enhance understanding.
 Cultural Dimensions Model
This model, influenced by cultural anthropologist Geert Hofstede,
highlights the impact of cultural values and norms on communication,
emphasizing how different cultures may have distinct communication
styles and preferences.
 06
Variables that
Typically Impact
Communication
 01 Age 02 Socioeconomic 03 Education 04 Cultural
Background
Status
Communication styles Socioeconomic status can Education levels can Cultural background
and preferences can impact communication affect communication by plays a significant role in
differ across various age patterns. Individuals from influencing language communication styles
groups. Young children different socioeconomic proficiency, vocabulary, and norms. Different
may rely more on backgrounds may have and communication skills. cultures have distinct
nonverbal varying vocabulary, Highly educated communication
communication and speech patterns, and individuals may use more preferences, such as
simple language, while access to communication sophisticated language direct versus indirect
teenagers and adults resources, which can and have better communication, levels of
may use more complex influence how they articulation and critical formality, and the
language and rely on communicate and the thinking abilities. importance of nonverbal
digital communication effectiveness of their cues.
methods. communication.
 Professional
05 Context
06 Relationship
Dynamics 07 Personality
Traits 08 Context
Purpose
and
Communication can
vary based on the Individual personality Communication can vary
professional context. Communication can traits can influence based on the specific
Different industries and differ depending on the communication styles. context and purpose.
work environments may nature of the relationship. Introverted individuals Communicating in a
have specific Communication between may prefer more reserved professional meeting
communication styles family members, friends, and reflective requires different
and expectations. For colleagues, or romantic communication, while language and tone
example, partners may vary in extroverted individuals compared to social
communication in a terms of formality, may engage in more interactions or casual
formal business setting openness, and the level outgoing and expressive conversations.
may be more structured of intimacy. communication.
and professional
compared to informal
interactions among
friends.
 Thanks
! Presented by: Gerome B. Avila

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