PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY

OF CHILLIES
 INTRODUCTION

Chilli Capsicum annuum

2n = 24

Origin Mexico

Family Solanaceae

Pungent principle Capsaicin

and pigment Capsanthin
 NUTRITIVE VALUE OF CHILLIES

 Moisture - 85.7%
 Protein – 2.9g
 Minerals – 1.0 g
 Fibre – 6.8 g
 Calcium – 30 mg
 Magnesium – 24 mg
Contd….

 Riboflavin – 0.39 mg
 Oxalic acid – 67 mg
 Copper – 1.55 mg
 Sulphur – 1.55 mg
 Vitamin A- 292 IU
 Vitamin C – 111 mg

Vishnu and Swarap (2008)

 SPECIES OF CHILLIES

Capsicum baccatum Capsicum chinense

Capsicum chacoance Capsicum cardenasii
Capsicum frutescens Capsicum pubescens
 Taxonomic characters of the five cultivated species of
chillies
Species Corolla Corolla Anther Seed colour Flowers per
colour shape colour node

C. annuum White Rotate Blue purple Tan 1

C.frutescens Greenish Rotate Blue Tan 1 -3

white

C. chinense White to Rotate Blue Tan 1–5

greenish
white
C. baccatum White Rotate Yellow Tan 1–2

C. pubescens purple Rotate Purple Black 1

Hari har ram (2006)

 CLIMATIC REQUIREMENTS

 Tropical and subtropical

 Warm humid climate – growth
 Warm dry weather – Fruit maturity
 Rainfed – 850 to 1200mm
 Heavy rainfall and high RH – poor fruit set, rotting
Contd….

 Temperature – 20 to 30o C
 Soil temperature – 17o C
 Fruit development affected at 37.8o C or more

(Pollard, 1999)
 High night temperature responsible for high capsaicin
content ( Ohta, 1962)
 Day length of 9 to 10 hours light – growth and high
productivity ( Egovora, 1975)
 Soil conditions

 Well drained, aerated and rich in organic matter

 Poor drained soils – leaf shedding and fruit drop due

to water logging

 Ideal soil – light loamy or sandy loam rich in lime and

organic matter

 Black soil suitable for rainfed conditions

 Seed rate

 Varieties: 1.0 kg / ha.

Hybrids: 200 - 250 g / ha.
Nursery area: 100 sq.m / ha.
 Nursery management

 Nursery area- 100 sq.m / ha

 Season – May - July
 Fertile, free from weeds and from any kind of shade.
 Good drainage and proper irrigation
 Nursery area should be open
 Size – 6m length, 1m width, 15cm height
Contd..

 Well rotted FYM @ 10-15 kg/m2 mixed in soil and

levelled.
 Carbofuran 3G @ 5-10 g/m2, Ziram @ 5-8 g/ m2 - insect
and fungal infestation at bed preparation.
 Seeds - Trichoderma viride @4g/Kg or Thiram/captan
@ 2-3g/kg of seeds.
Contd…

 Spacing - 5 cm apart

 Nursery covered with a thick polythene sheet for a

period of two weeks.

 After sowing, the bed should be covered with mulch
like dry sugarcane leaves, for better germination and
moisture conservation.
Contd…

 Watering should by done daily using a rosecan.

 After germination, mulch should be removed from

the bed during evening hours and watering done
daily.

 Seedlings are ready for transplanting within 5-6

weeks.
Contd..

 Single healthy seedlings are transplanted

 Short and thick stemmed seedlings preferred for better

establishment

 In older seedlings topping has to be done one week prior

to transplanting on a bright day
Field preparation

Thoroughly prepare the field with the addition of FYM @ 25 t/ ha and

form ridges and furrows at a spacing of 60 cm. Apply 2 kg/ha of Azospirillum
and 2 kg / ha of Phosphobacteria by mixing with 20 kg of FYM. Irrigate the
furrows and transplant 40-45 days old seedlings, with the ball of earth on the
ridges.

Spacing

Varieties : 60 x 45 cm

Hybrids : 75 x 60 cm
 Nutritional requirements
Basal Top dressing

Chilli – 30:60:30 30 kg N on 30, 60 and 90

Variety DAP.
Hybrids 120:80:80

Capsicum - 40:60:30 40 kg N on 30, 60 and

Variety 90DAP.
Hybrids 250:150:15
0
Paprika - 60:100:60 20:0:20 kg on 3rd week of
planting
40:0:40 kg on 6th week of
planting
 Inter-cultural operation
 On 20th, 40th, 60th and 80th day of transplanting, triacontanol 1.25
ppm (2.5 ml of Vipul dissolved in 10 lit. of water)

 Fruit set- as well as to reduce flower and fruit drop, 10 ppm and
50ppm of NAA -60 and 90 DAP.

 Spray Fluchloralin @ 1 lit a.i/ha or Pendimethalin @ 1 kg a.i/ ha.

or Oxyflourfen @ 0.15 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence herbicide
and may be combined with hand weeding once and earthing up
45 days after planting.

 Raise intercrop of onion in paired row system to get additional

income.
 Choice of varieties
Zones Varieties Districts

Cuddalore, Villupuram,
Northern zone PLR - 1
Kancheepuram,

Ramanathapuram,
Southern zone PKM - 1
Kanyakumari, Tuticorin, Tirunelveli

Central South K1, K2 Madurai, Virudunagar, Paramakudi

CO.4 - Vegetable
Western Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore
Co.1, CO.2 & CO.3

Central K1, K2 Tiruchi, Salem, Karur

 Choice of variety
Samba type Gundu type
K-1, K-2, CO1,G4, CO-2, G-5,PMK-1, PLR-
Pusa Jwala, Pant 1,CO-4
C-1,Pant C-2,
PKM-1, CO3,Pusa
Sadabahar,
Jawahar 218,
Punjab Lal,
 Characteristics of important varieties released in Tamil nadu
  Varieties Years Parentage Duration (days) Yield (kg/ha)
Selection from
K1 1964 200 - 210 1.6 - 1.7
B 72A
K2 1975 Cross between K1 and Sathur samba 210 1.8
CO1 1977 Reselection from Sathur samba 200 - 210 2.1
Selection from
CO3 1991 165 3.5
Sri Lankan type
Pure line selection from Sri Lankan
CO4 1999 210 2.0
type
Multiple cross selection from AC
PKM-1 1990 180 3.0 - 3.2
1797 and CO1
Irradiation of seeds of K1 by gamma
MDU 1 1975 210 1.9
rays
Gundu type        
Derivative
G5 1972 210 1.7
G29 x 1331
CO2 1981 Selection from Nambiyur Local 200 - 216 2.1
Derivative CO2 x Ramanathapuram
PKM1 1990 210 2.3
Gundu
Pure line selection (CA(Q)8)
PLR 1 1994 180 - 216 18.4
Kadangadu type
Harvest

Harvesting can be done 75 days after transplanting.

First two picking yield green chilli and subsequently yield red ripe fruits.

Yield

Varieties : 2 - 3 t/ha of dry pods or 10 - 15 t/ha of green chillies.

Hybrids : 25 t / ha of green chillies.