Calaoagan Dackel National High School

Gattaran, Cagayan DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

SY 2022-2023

21 CENTURY
st

LITERATURE

MARILYN E. BATTAD
Teacher
OBJECTIVES:
a. Identify the geographic, linguistic and
ethnic dimensions of Philippine Literary
history from Pre-colonial to contemporary
b. Describe the characteristics of the
different periods in literary history
c. Summarize the difference of pre-colonial
literature to that of the 21st century
literature.
Folk
Tales
THE MONKEY AND THE TURTLE
Legend

WHY PINEAPPLE HAVE A

HUNDRED EYES
Epic

BIAG NI LAM-ANG
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
* What do you observe in the
picture?
* What are the key points that
you need to understand?
* Based on the picture, what do
you think our lesson for today?
GEOGRAPHIC, LINGUISTIC
AND ETHNIC DIMENSIONS
OF PHILIPPINE LITERARY
HISTORY FROM PRE-
COLONIAL TO
CONTEMPORARY
 I S T I C S
A C T E R
CH A R N IS H
R E - S PA
OF P T H E
U R E I N
CU L T S
IP P I N E
P H IL
Activity 1: JUMBLED
LETTERS

1. LOFK LESTA
Answer:
Folk Tales
Folk Tales
= made up of stories about life,
adventure, love, horror and humor
where one can derived lessons
Examples:
* The Monkey and the Turtle
* The Moon and the Sun
 THE MONKEY AND THE TURTLE

A monkey and a turtle found a banana tree on a river. They fished it out and because each wanted the tree
for himself, they cut it in a half.
Now the monkey being the stronger took the part with leaves despite the turtle’s protests, and carefully
planted it in his backyard. The turtle did the same in his part.
One day, the monkey visited the turtle and they talked about their banana plants. My banana tree is dead!
What about yours? Asked the monkey? Alive and bearing fruits… but I can’t climb up, said the turtle. Don’t
worry, I will climb up for you, answered the monkey. The turtle became happy so he accompanied the monkey
to the place where the banana tree was. The monkey climbed the tree at once and started eating, filling both
cheeks. The turtle then begging some banana to eat. But the Monkey never gave any to the turtle. Because of
anger, the turtle nailed thorns around the banana tree and went to hide under a coconut shell. When the
monkey came down the tree, he got wounded. That’s why, he got mad to the turtle. The monkey shouted the
turtle that he must pay for it. He will going to throw the turtle in the river. Without knowing that if this happen,
it is a great advantage to the turtle. So, he threw the turtle in the river knowing that the turtle will be get
drowning, but, it is a big mistake because the turtle swam hapilly.

Lesson: The monkey maybe smart yet he can still be fooled.

 THE SUN AND THE MOON
(Tingguian folk tale)
In the olden days, like the moon, the sun had also star children which were
yellowish in color, very bright and very hot.
The star children of the moon, however, were reddish and cool. That
moon was scared that his stars would wither and die if they play with the
star children of the sun.
The moon suggested to the sun that they kill their children who were
crowding the heavens with their number.
When the sun had killed her children, the moon merely hid behind the
clouds.
In the evening, when the clouds faded, the moon stars appeared.
This angered the sun so he gave chase to the moon. Thus, when he
overtakes the moon, we have the so-called eclipse.
Every morning, the sun kills the moon stars that he catches.
Until now, this chase continues and because the moon still continues…
 2. LOFK NGOSS

Answer:
Folk Songs
Folk Songs
= These are one of the oldest forms of
Philippine
literature that emerged in the pre-Spanish
period.
= These songs mirrored the early forms of
culture. Many
of these have 12 syllables.
Examples :
* Kundiman
* Kumintang o Tagumpay
*Ang Oyayi o Hele
2. CIPES

Answer:
Epics
Epics
= are long narrative poems
in
which a series of
heroic achievements or
events,
usually of a hero, are
Understanding Literary History
Literature in this period may be classified as
religious prose and poetry and secular prose
and poetry.

Prose = written or spoken language in its

ordinary form,
without metrical structure
Poetry = literature that is written in verse and
emphasizes the rhythmic use of
• Spanish Influences On Philippine
Literature
= The first Filipino alphabet, called
ALIBATA, was
replaced by the Roman alphabet.
= the teaching of the Christian
Doctrine became
the basis of religious practices.
= European legends and traditions
Corridos
= a ballad in a traditional Mexican
style typically
having lyrics that narrate a historical
event

Moro- moros
= a form of theater premised on battles
between
• Folk Songs
= It manifests the artistic
feelings of
the Filipinos and shows their
innate
appreciation for and love of
beauty. Examples:
*Leron-Leron Sinta
• Recreational Plays
=There were many recreational
plays
performed by Filipinos during
the
Spanish times. Almost all of
them were in a poetic form
Examples:
Cenaculo
= derived from Spanish and describe the place
where Jesus and his disciples celebrated the
Last Supper

Panunuluyan
=Philippine Christmas dramatic ritual narrating
the Holy family’s search for a place to stay in
Betlehem for Jesus Christ birth through song
Salubong
= Filipino Easter tradition that reenacts the
meeting of Jesus Christ And his mother, Mary
after resurrection

Zarzuela
= a Spanish lyric-dramatic genre that alternates
between spoken and sung scenes, the latter
incorporating operatic and popular songs as well as
dance.
 PERIOD OF
ENLIGHTENMENT (1972-
1898)
In 19th Century, Filipino
intellectuals educated in
Europe called Ilustrados began
to write about the hitch of
The Propaganda Movement (1872-
1896)
= This movement was
spearheaded
mostly by the intellectual middle-
class like :
*Jose Rizal
Some of Rizal’s writings:
*Noli Me Tangere (1887)
*Mi Ultimo Adios
*Sobre La Indolencia Delos
Filipinos *Filipinas Dentro De
Cien Aňos
o
Noli Me Tangere (1887)
=novel which means “touch me
not”

Mi Ultimo Adios
= means “My Last Farewell”
= it is a poem written by Rizal
before his
Sobre La Indolencia Delos
Filipinos
= socio-political essay
published in La
Solidaridad in Madrid in
1890
= this was written in response
Filipinas Dentro De Cien Aňos
= one of the most significant
works of
the Propaganda Movement
in Spain
= tracing the circumstances
that
Some of Del Pilar’s writings:
Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa (Love of

Country)
= an outline of obligations like
the 10
commandments of God
Kaingat Kayo (Be Careful)
Dasalan at Tocsohan (Prayers and
Jokes)
= it was also like a cathecism
sarcastically
aimed against the parish priests
but also
contains a philosophy of the
power and
intelligence of God and an
Some of Jaena’s writings:
1. Ang Fray Botod
2. La Hija Del Fraile (The Child of
the Friar)
3. Everything Is Hambug
(Everything is mere show)
THE AMERICAN REGIME
(1898-

1944)
Linguistically, Americans
influenced Filipino writers to
write using English language.
Characteristics of Literature during this
period:
The languages used in writing were
Spanish and Tagalog and the dialects of the
different regions. But the writers in
Tagalog, continued in their lamentations on
the conditions of the country and their
attempts to arouse love for one’s native
tongue and the writers in English imitated
THE JAPANESE PERIOD (1941-1945)
Philippine Literature was
interrupted in its development when
another foreigncountry, Japan, conquered
the Philippines between 1941-1945.
Philippine literature in English came to a
halt. This led to all newspapers not to be
circulated in the
community except for TRIBUNE and
Filipino Poetry during this
period
The common theme of most
poems during the Japanese
occupation was nationalism,
country, love, and life in the
barrios, faith, religion, and the
 Three types of poems emerged
during this period:
a. Haiku
= a poem of free verse that
the
Japanese like.
= made up of 17 syllables
divided
b. Tanaga
= like the Haiku, is
short,
but it had measure
and rhyme.
c. Karaniwang Anyo
 PHILIPPINE LITERATURE IN
ENGLISH (1941-1945)
Because of the strict prohibitions
imposed by the Japanese in the writing
and publishing of works in English,
Philippine literature in English
experienced a dark period. For the first
twenty years, many books were
published both in Filipino and in
 In the New Filipino Literature,
Philippine literature in Tagalog
was revived during this period.
Most themes in the writings dealt
with Japanese brutalities, the
poverty of life under the Japanese
government, and the brave
guerilla exploits.
 PERIOD OF ACTIVISM (1970-1972)
According to Pociano Pineda, youth
activism in 1970-72 was due to domestic and
worldwide causes. Because of the ills of
society, the youth moved to seek reforms.
The Literary Revolution
The youth became vocal with their
sentiments. They demanded a change in the
government. It was manifested in the bloody
demonstrations and the sidewalk expressions
PERIOD OF THE THIRD REPUBLIC
(1981-

1985)
After ten years of military rule and
some changes in the life of the Filipino,
which
started under the New Society, Martial
Rule was at last lifted on January 2, 1981.
Poems during this period of the
Third
Republic were romantic
and
revolutionary.

Many Filipino songs dealt with

themes that were true-to-life like
POST-EDSA 1 REVOLUTION (1986-1995)
History took another twist. Once more,
the Filipino people regained their
independence, which they lost twenty years
ago. In four days from February 21-25,
1986, the so-called People Power (Lakas ng
Bayan) prevailed. In the short span of the
existence of the real Republic of the
Philippines, several changes already
became evident. Literature was noticed in the
The now crony newspapers that
enjoyed an overnight increase in
circulation were THE INQUIRER,
MALAYA, and the PEOPLE’S
JOURNAL.
21st CENTURY PERIOD
The new trends have been used and
introduced to meet the needs and
tastes of the new generation. 21st
Century learners are demanded to be
ICT inclined to compete
with the style and format of writing as
well. New codes or lingos are used to
add flavor in the literary pieces
 Timeline on the
Existence of Philippine
Literature
 21st
Period of Century
Period of Activism Rebirth Post
Literature and New of EDSA
in English Society Freedom
2001-
1986- present
Japanese 1981- 1999
Period of American Period 1970- 1985
Enlightenment Period 1946- 1980
Pre- 1941- 1970
Spanish Spanish 1898- 1945
Period 1872- 1941
1566- 1898
1565 1871
Assessment
Who’s Who
Identify the author of the following
literary pieces written by the Ilustrados.
1.Mi Ultimo Adios
2.Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa
3.La Hija del Fraile
4.El Filibusterismo
5.Dasalan at Tocsohan
Answer Key
1. Jose Rizal
2. Marcelo H. del Pilar
3. Graciano Lopez Jaena
4. Jose Rizal
5. Marcelo H. del Pilar
Activity : Song Analysis (Group)
- Listen to a song entitled “Ang Bayan
Ko”. Then, analyze the thought of the
song.
- Each group will show a situation that
exemplifies the emotions of the
Filipinos and situation of the country
found in each paragraph of the song.
RUBRICS:
Content ------ 10
Creativeness/Props ------ 10
Presentation ------ 5
TOTAL = 25