PARAGRAPH

WRITING AND
DIFFERENT TEXT
TYPES
GRADE 8
QUARTER 4 – WEEK 3
 Objectives
 Compose an Effective Paragraph.
 Identify the different Paragraphs/texts as to its type.
 Develop paragraphs that illustrate personal recount &
Expository Text.
 Observe these groups of words
01.
There are many sports that I enjoy,
but my favorite would have to be
skateboarding.
03.
Skateboarding is also a really fun
activity to do with friends.
02.
It is a sport that you can do almost
anywhere, and you do not need a
lot of expensive equipment.
04.
For all of these reasons,
skateboarding is the favorite of
all of my sports activities.
 What do you call these groups of words that
express complete thoughts?

01. 02.
There are many sports that I enjoy, It is a sport that you can do almost
but my favorite would have to be anywhere, and you do not need a
skateboarding. lot of expensive equipment.

03. 04.
For all of these reasons,
Skateboarding is also a really fun
skateboarding is the favorite of
activity to do with friends.
all of my sports activities.
SENTENCES
PARAGRAP
H
There are many sports that I enjoy, but my
favorite would have to be skateboarding. It is a
sport that you can do almost anywhere, and you
do not need a lot of expensive equipment.
Skateboarding is also a really fun activity to do
with friends. For all of these reasons,
skateboarding is the favorite of all of my sports
activities.
 What is a
PARAGRAP
H?
• A paragraph is a piece of writing that consists of a
series of sentences.
• A paragraph should always have complete,
correct, and concise sentences which are all
related to a single topic as well.
• It should be easy to read and well organized.
• The paragraph itself should focus on one subject,
theme, or central idea.
 BASIC PARAGRAPH
INTRODUCTION
STRUCTURE
The first section of a paragraph;
should include the topic sentence
and any other sentences at the
beginning of the paragraph that
give background information or
provide a transition.
THE TOPIC SENTENCE
A topic sentence usually comes at
the beginning of a paragraph; that is,
it is usually the first sentence in a
formal academic paragraph. Not only
is a topic sentence the first sentence
of a paragraph, but more importantly,
it is the most general sentence in a
paragraph, that the sentence
introduces an overall idea that you
want to discuss later in the
paragraph.
 Characteristic of an effective Topic
Sentence
1. Topic Sentence is brief. They should
CONCISE be phrased in no more words than
are absolutely necessary.
2. The sentence is clear and strong.
3. The sentence stands first in the
EMPHATIC
paragraph. This is where topic
sentences generally belong: at or
near the beginning.
 Where is the topic sentence located?
Topic After reading the new tv guide this week I had just one thought-
why are we still being bombarded with reality shows? This season,
Sentence the plague of reality television continues to darken our airwaves.
Along with the return of viewer favorites, we are to be cursed with
yet another mindless creation. Prisoner follows the daily lives of
eight suburban housewives who have chosen to be put in jail for
the purposes of this fake psychological experiment. A preview for
the first episode shows the usual tears and tantrums associated
with reality television. I dread to think what producers will come up
Concluding with next season, but if any of them are reading this blog- stop it!
Sentence We’ve had enough reality television to last us a lifetime!
 Where is the topic sentence located?
Last year, a cat traveled 130 miles to reach its family,
who had moved to another state and had left their pet
behind. Even though it had never been their new
home, the cat was able to track down its former
owners. A dog in my neighborhood can predict when
its master is about to have a seizure. It makes sure
that he does not hurt himself during an epileptic fit.
Topic Compared to many animals, our own senses are
Sentence almost dull.
 BASIC PARAGRAPH
BODY
STRUCTURE
It follows the introduction;
discusses the controlling idea,
using facts, arguments, analysis,
examples, and other information.
SUPPORTING SENTENCES
They are called "supporting" because
they "support," or explain, the idea
expressed in the topic sentence. Of
course, paragraphs in English often
have more than two supporting
ideas. At minimum, you should have
at least five to seven sentences in
your paragraph.
 BASIC PARAGRAPH
CONCLUSION
STRUCTURE
The final section summarizes
the connections between the
information discussed in the
body of the paragraph and the
paragraph's controlling idea.
THE CONCLUDING SENTENCE
In formal paragraphs you will
sometimes see a sentence at the
end of the paragraph which
summarizes the information that has
been presented. This is the
concluding sentence. You can think
of a concluding sentence as a sort of
topic sentence in reverse.
 There are some Do's and Don'ts in
Paragraph Writing

TOO INFORMAL (Do not use) ACCEPTABLE

don't do not
doesn't does not
aren't are not
weren't were not
can't cannot
couldn't could not
won't will not
 Let’s try this!
Trace the topic sentence topic
sentence, supporting sentences
and the concluding sentence
1. What is a paragraph?

2. What is the basic

paragraph structure?
LET’S TRY THIS!
Directions: Compose an effective paragraph by
arranging the sentences below.

So, you must know who is a real friend. Firstly, your friend
must understand you and of course, you must understand her,
too. I think, another important point in a friendship is
confidence. You must not tell lies to each other. In addition, you
must say everything about yourself.
Friends can change your life.
I think these are important for a friendship. If you have a friend
like this, you do not break up with her because a real friend is
not found easily.
DIFFERENT
TEXT TYPES
 DIFFERENT TEXT
TYPES
1. EXPOSITORY
2. EXPLANATORY
3. NARRATIVE
4. FACTUAL AND PERSONAL
RECOUNT
5.PERSUASIVE
1. Narrative – is a writing that
connects ideas, concepts or events. It
tells a story or an event.
It could be a tale, novel, an account of
one’s life, natural phenomena, or
social events.
 This morning at 9 A.M., a motorcycle collided with a tricycle
at the intersection of Pajarito and Cajurao streets. There were no
injuries on the tricycle, but medical personnel performed checks
on each passenger and the driver before those passengers were
transported to their respective destination. The driver of the
motorcycle sustained slight, non-life-threatening injuries. He was
transported to the local hospital. The accident is still under
investigation at this time.
2. Expository – is a writing that has a
purpose of explaining, informing, or
describing. In other words, expository
writing is about providing information
to the reader about a particular topic or
subject.
 My Shopping Norte's Nightmare
I'll never forget the first time I got lost in La Paz City. I was traveling
with my parents during summer vacation. We were in a department store,
and I was so excited to see such a huge place. Suddenly, I turned around to
ask my mom something, but she was gone! I began crying and screaming at
the top of my lungs. A salesclerk came up to me and asked if I was okay.
She got on the public address (P.A.) system and notified the customers that
a little boy with blue jeans and a red cap was lost. Two minutes later my
mom and dad came running toward me. We all cried and hugged each
other. I will never forget that day as long as I live.
3. Explanatory - (sometimes called an
explanation) is a type of non-fiction text
that explains a process. For example,
how something works or why
something happens.
 The Life Cycle of a Butterfly
The life of a butterfly is divided into four stages: egg, larva, pupa and butterfly. The four stages are called
the life cycle of the butterfly.
Stage One: The egg. A butterfly begins life as an egg. Most eggs are laid on the leaves of plants. They can
be round, oval or even cylindrical in shape depending on the type of butterfly that laid them.
Stage Two: The larva (or caterpillar). Inside the egg is a larva, which is known as a caterpillar. When it is
ready, the larva hatches and eats the leaf its egg was laid on. It then continues eating for most of its short life.
The larva's skin cannot stretch as it grows, so it keeps shedding its skin and growing a new one.
Stage Three: The pupa (or chrysalis). When it has finished growing, the larva turns itself into a pupa,
which is also called a chrysalis. The pupa is like a case to enclose the larva while it changes itself into a
butterfly. The larva does not eat while it is in the pupa, but it gradually changes its body and grows wings.
Stage Four: The butterfly. Finally, when it is ready, an adult butterfly emerges from the pupa. At first its
wings are soft because they have been folded up inside the pupa, but after it has rested, the butterfly pumps
blood through them so that it is ready to fly. The butterfly then goes looking for a mate
4. Factual and Personal Recount

- A recount is a written or spoken

narration of an event that happened in
the past. There are two main kinds of
recount:
4.1) Factual recounts: These are used to record
details and facts of a particular event which the
speaker or writer has not necessarily been
involved in.
 The Horse of Troy
Queen Helen of Greece was kidnapped by Prince Paris who took her to his home in Troy. The
Greek people were very upset so they sent Ulysses and his warriors to get their queen back.
Athena, the goddess of war, told Ulysses to build a huge wooden horse and leave it
outside the gates of Troy. The Greeks pretended to leave Troy but instead they hid inside the
huge horse.
The Trojans discovered the horse and brought it into their city. Believing the war was
over they had a huge celebration. Afterwards, when everyone was tired, they all fell asleep.
When all was quiet, the Greeks opened the wooden horse and attacked the Trojans.
They rescued Queen Helen and set sail for their home in Greece.
4.2) Personal recounts: These describe
events that the speaker/writer was
personally involved in. In written
form,this is usually autobiographical.
 A Trip to the Zoo
Yesterday my family went to the zoo to see the elephant. When we got
to the zoo, we went to the shop to buy some food to give to the
animals. After getting the food we went to the nocturnal house where
we saw birds and reptiles which only come out at night. Before lunch
we went for a ride on the elephant. It was a thrill to ride it. Dad nearly
fell off when he let go of the rope. During lunch we fed some birds in
the park. In the afternoon we saw the animals being fed. When we
returned home, we were tired but happy because we had so much fun.
5. Persuasive - A persuasive text is any
text where the main purpose is to
present a point of view and seeks to
persuade a reader. A persuasive text
can be an argument, exposition,
discussion, review or even an
advertisement.
 Have Some Summer Fun!
The School Summer Carnival in May is a special event everyone
should attend. First of all, there are activities for everyone. This year,
one classroom had a fishpond for little kids. Another room painted a
clown with a huge mouth on a board for a beanbag toss. Other rooms
had shoe scrambles and relay races. Secondly, each room gives prizes
like yo-yos, bug-eyed glasses, and light-up pens. Winning a prize
always adds a little excitement to each activity. The best part is the
clown contest. It is pretty funny to see how students become clowns
using old clothes, face paint, wigs, big clunky shoes, and wild ties.
Adults and kids laugh and laugh at the clowns. For a little summer fun
in May, the School carnival is worth a visit.
1. What are the five
different text types?
2. Why is it important to
know these different text
types?
LET’S TRY THIS!
Directions: Identify the following paragraphs as to
what type they are.

1. Advances in science and technology have made the use of

"green" energy possible. In places where climate conditions permit,
people are able to use solar energy or wind energy for power. Solar
energy is the use of sunlight for energy and power. Humans are able
to harness the energy of the sun by installing solar panels on their
homes or businesses. Humans have also found ways to harness the
power of the wind by using wind turbines to capture wind energy.
Both of these forms of "green" energy are being used more and
more.
2. School uniforms should be mandatory for all students for a
number of reasons. First, they make everyone equal. In this way, the
"rich" kids are on the same level as the poor ones. In addition,
getting ready for school can be much faster and easier. Many kids
waste time choosing what to wear to school, and they are often
unhappy with their final choices. Most important, some studies
show that school uniforms make students perform better. Many
people might say that uniforms take away from personal freedom,
but I believe that the benefits are stronger than the drawbacks.
3. My day was a disaster. First, it had snowed during the night, which
meant I had to shovel before I could leave for work. I was mad that I hadn't
gotten up earlier. Then I had trouble starting my car, and to make matters
worse, my daughter wasn't feeling well and said she didn't think she should
go to school. When I eventually did arrive at work, I was twenty minutes
late. Soon I found out my assistant had forgotten to make copies of a report
I needed at nine o'clock. I quickly had to make another plan. By five
o'clock, I was looking forward to getting my paycheck. Foolish woman!
When I went to pick it up, the office assistant told me that something had
gone wrong with the computers. I would not be able to get my check until
Tuesday Disappointed, I walked down the hill to the parking lot. There I
met my final defeat. In my hurry to park the car in the morning, I had left
my parking lights on. Now my battery was dead. Even an optimist like me
had the right to be discouraged.
4. COVID-19 is a disease caused by a new strain of
coronavirus. ‘CO’ stands for corona, ‘VI’ for virus, and
‘D’ for disease. Formerly, this disease was referred to as
‘2019 novel coronavirus’ or ‘2019-nCoV.’ The COVID-
19 virus is a new virus linked to the same family of
viruses as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
and some types of common cold.
5. First, I did have fun watching a funny movie with my
parents. Next, we went to the mall. Later, I decided to
buy some books. Meanwhile, my parents went grocery
shopping. Then, all of us went to dinner. Finally, we
ended the day with dessert and went home.
Personal Recount
and Expository
Text
 Personal Recount
Purpose: To retell events that the writer was personally involved in.
Structure:
1. Orientation: Introductory information about who, what, where and when
the event occurred.
2. Series of Events: Series of paragraphs that retell the events in
chronological order.
(first…, next…, soon…, during…, after…, later…, eventually…, finally…)
3. Reorientation: A personal comment about the event.
 How to write a Recount
1. Write your recount in the first person because it happened to you.
Example: "I felt excited."
2. Use the past tense because it has already happened.
Example: "It was the biggest fish I had ever seen!"
3. Recounts are written in the order in which they happened. This is called
chronological order. Use adverbs such as: firstly, next, then and finally.
4. Using descriptive words will make it seem like your reader is there with
you.
Example: "The fish was shiny and slippery." Focus on the most
exciting parts.
Expository text

Expository texts include textbooks, non-fiction

trade (library) books, newspaper & magazine
articles, directions, essays, speeches, user
manuals (how-to guides), government
documents (such as the driver’s license test
booklet).
 ELEMENTS OF
EXPOSITORY TEXT
1. Description - the author lists characteristics, features, and
examples to describe a subject. Clue words for description include
for example, & characteristics.
2. Sequence – The author lists items or events in numerical or
chronological order. Clue words include first, second, third, next,
then and finally.
3. Comparison – the author explains how two or more things are
alike or different. Clue words include different, in contrast, alike,
same as, but, or on the other hand.
ELEMENTS OF EXPOSITORY
TEXT
4. Cause and Effect – the author explains one or more causes and
the resulting effect or effects. Clue words are reasons why, if, as a
result, therefore, and because.

5. Problem and Solution – the author states a problem and lists

one or more solutions for the problem. Clue words are problem,
solution, propose, answer, dilemma.
What are the things
to consider in writing
a recount?
LET’S TRY THIS!
Directions: Develop paragraphs that illustrate
personal recount and expository text choosing
one of the writing topics provided.

A. Personal Recount: “A time I was scared”, “My first

day of class”, “My most embarrassing moment”
B. Expository Text: “How to cook rice”, “Explain why
some cities have curfews for teens”, “Compare face to
face classes from distance learning”
1. Is there a need to implement a
teen curfew law in our city?
2. In what ways do you think this
law will protect teenagers like
you?
THANK YOU!