We often hear of war and peace as being ___________sides of

The same coin.

A 𝐎𝐧𝐞
B 𝐓𝐫𝐢𝐩𝐥𝐞
C 𝐓𝐰𝐨
d 𝐅𝐢𝐯𝐞
e 𝐓𝐡𝐫𝐞𝐞
 It is ____________ and circular to define peace as the converse
Of war

A 𝐋𝐨𝐠𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥
B 𝐓𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥
C 𝐑𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭
d 𝐈𝐧𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐭
e 𝐎𝐛𝐯𝐢𝐨𝐮𝐬
 In the instrumentalist interpretation, peace is a ___________
To an end

A 𝐒𝐭𝐞𝐩
B 𝐖𝐚𝐲
C 𝐌𝐞𝐚𝐧𝐬
d 𝐒𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞
e 𝐑𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭
 Defining peace as the absence of war, though attractive is ____
for understanding the nature of peace

A 𝐀𝐩𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐞
B 𝐈𝐧𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐞
C 𝐒𝐮𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞
d 𝐇𝐚𝐫𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐲
e 𝐂𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥
 Peace cannot take place without

A 𝐇𝐚𝐫𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐲
B 𝐅𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐩
C 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫
d 𝐒𝐞𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐲
e 𝐅𝐨𝐨𝐝
 ___________ sees peace as a natural, Original God-given state
Of human existence

A 𝐄𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐬𝐭
B 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐨𝐬𝐨𝐩𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐬
C 𝐒𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐬𝐭
d 𝐏𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐬
e 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐬
 _____________argued that the state of nature was rampant
With conflict and violence

A 𝐂𝐡𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐩𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐂𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐮𝐬
B 𝐓𝐡𝐨𝐦𝐚𝐬 𝐇𝐨𝐛𝐛𝐞𝐬
C 𝐌𝐚𝐱 𝐰𝐞𝐛𝐛𝐞𝐫
d 𝐒𝐡𝐞𝐡𝐮 𝐬𝐡𝐚𝐠𝐚𝐫𝐢
e 𝐊𝐞𝐧 𝐬𝐚𝐫𝐨 𝐰𝐢𝐰𝐚
 ___________ by definition, is an intrinsic part of human
existence

A 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐟𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐭
B 𝐒𝐞𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐲
C 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫
d 𝐉𝐨𝐲
e 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐲
 Conflict resolution is a sub-field of _________________

A 𝐖𝐚𝐫
B 𝐏𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐞
C 𝐏𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡
d 𝐒𝐞𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐲
e 𝐏𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐞𝐚𝐝𝐯𝐨𝐜𝐚𝐜𝐲
 _________ is an all embracing African interpretation of both
“negative” and “Positive” peace

A 𝐔𝐛𝐮𝐧𝐭𝐮
B 𝐅𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠
C 𝐎𝐥𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞
d 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫
e 𝐏𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐲
 The radical structural theory of social conflict is represented by

A 𝐍𝐞𝐥𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐌𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐥𝐚
B 𝐆𝐨𝐨𝐝𝐥𝐮𝐜𝐤 𝐉𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐧
C 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐱 𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐄𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐥𝐬
d 𝐓𝐡𝐨𝐦𝐚𝐬 𝐇𝐨𝐛𝐛𝐞𝐬
e 𝐉𝐨𝐡𝐧𝐊𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐚𝐠
 _________ determines conflict perspectives

A 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬
B 𝐒𝐞𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐲
C 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭
d 𝐅𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐩
e 𝐍𝐞𝐞𝐝𝐬
 The biological theories have given rise to what may be referred
to as the ________ of conflict

A 𝐂𝐡𝐞𝐦𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐲
B 𝐑𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐲
C 𝐢𝐧𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐲
d 𝐌𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐦
e 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐬
 John Dollard and his research associates developed the ______
theory

A 𝐏𝐡𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐲
B 𝐁𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐲
C 𝐅𝐫𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧−𝐚𝐠𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐲
d 𝐒𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐲
e 𝐑𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐲
 The Chibok girls were abducted by the Boko haram Islamic
Terrorist group in

A 𝐉𝐚𝐧𝐮𝐚𝐫𝐲 ,𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟒 .
B 𝐎𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐛𝐞𝐫 ,𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟒
C 𝐉𝐮𝐧𝐞,𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟒
d 𝐀𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐥𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟒
e 𝐅𝐞𝐛𝐫𝐮𝐚𝐫𝐲 ,𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟒
 The Nigerian military rescued 293 girls and women abducted by
The Boko Haran group from the ________ forest

A 𝐌𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞
B 𝐓𝐫𝐨𝐩𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥
C 𝐒𝐚𝐦𝐛𝐢𝐬𝐚
d 𝐄𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥
e 𝐒𝐚𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐚
 Which of the following is not a method of conflict analysis

A
𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
B 𝐎𝐧𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐃𝐨𝐮𝐠𝐡𝐧𝐮𝐭
C 𝐌𝐚𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐠
d 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐟𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐭 𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐞
e 𝐈𝐬𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐝
 A _____________ is a simple tool that presents a chronology of
A conflict situation

A 𝐓𝐢𝐦𝐞 𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞
B 𝐒𝐡𝐞𝐝𝐮𝐥𝐞
C 𝐓𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞
d 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐟𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐭 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐞
e 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐟𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐭 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐬
 The alternative dispute resolution (ADR) has to do with the
Application of ______method of resolving conflict

A 𝐍𝐨𝐧−𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐩𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐞𝐟𝐮𝐥
B 𝐌𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐨𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
C 𝐋𝐞𝐠𝐚𝐥𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐝
d 𝐂𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐥𝐝𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞
e 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐲
 A _____________ is a particular interpretation and
Understanding of conflict

A 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐟𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐭 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞
B 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐟𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐭 𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐬
C 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐟𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐲
d 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐟𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐭 𝐬𝐭𝐮𝐝𝐲
e 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐟𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐭 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
 Peace is defined as _____________________

A 𝐀𝐛𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐨𝐟 𝐣𝐨𝐲
B 𝐀𝐛𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐨𝐟 𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐲
C 𝐀𝐛𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐨𝐟 𝐰𝐚𝐫
d 𝐀𝐛𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐨𝐟 𝐩𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐞
e 𝐀𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐯𝐞
 Functionalist defined peace as

A 𝐏𝐥𝐚𝐲𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐬𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐟𝐮𝐧𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
B 𝐏𝐥𝐚𝐲𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐬𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞
C 𝐏𝐥𝐚𝐲𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐫𝐨𝐥𝐞
d 𝐏𝐥𝐚𝐲𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐩𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐫𝐨𝐥𝐞𝐢𝐧 𝐧𝐢𝐠𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐚
e 𝐀𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐯𝐞
 Conflict analysis is done in different ways, including __________

A 𝐒𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭
B 𝐀𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐬
C 𝐂𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐮𝐝𝐢𝐞𝐬
d 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
e 𝐂𝐨𝐨𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
 Fact finding is another method of gathering __________ about
conflict

A 𝐒𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬
B 𝐒𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐬
C 𝐂𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐬
d 𝐈𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
e 𝐂𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
 Analysis meetings are another method of conflict analysis
Applied by

A 𝐅𝐞𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐠𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭
B 𝐍𝐆𝐎𝐬
C 𝐏𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐞𝐤𝐞𝐞𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐬
d 𝐉𝐮𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐫𝐲
e 𝐀𝐜𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐦𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐬
 Which of the following is a major source of conflict in the Niger
Delta region?

A 𝐏𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐬
B 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐥
C 𝐅𝐞𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐠𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐩𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐬
d 𝐔𝐧𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐨𝐲𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭
e 𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐧𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐟𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐭
 Which of the following is a major source of conflict in the Niger
Delta region?

A 𝐏𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐬
B 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐥
C 𝐅𝐞𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐠𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐩𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐬
d 𝐔𝐧𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐨𝐲𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭
e 𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐧𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐟𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐭
 The Kaiama declaration in 1998 is based on ____________

A 𝐏𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐲
B 𝐌𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐨𝐢𝐥𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐞𝐬
C 𝐅𝐞𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐠𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭
d 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐥 𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭
e 𝐘𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐡 𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐨𝐲𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭
 The Chikoko Movement in 1993 is based on _____________

A 𝐑𝐞𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐎𝐥𝐨𝐢𝐛𝐢𝐫𝐢 𝐨𝐢𝐥𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬

B 𝐎𝐢𝐥𝐛𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐍𝐢𝐠𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐚
C 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐩𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐍𝐢𝐠𝐞𝐫 𝐃𝐞𝐥𝐭𝐚
d 𝐀𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐚𝐜𝐤 𝐨𝐟 𝐟𝐞𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐠𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭
e 𝐍𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐯𝐞
 The major source of Ogoni crises in river state in 1990 is

A 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐚𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐎𝐠𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐬

B 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐥
C 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐎𝐠𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐬
d 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐦𝐨𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐌𝐎𝐒𝐎𝐏
e 𝐀𝐭𝐭𝐚𝐜𝐤 𝐨𝐧𝐒𝐏𝐃𝐂
 Who conceived peace as the original state of existence of man
in which there were no desires?

A 𝐓𝐡𝐨𝐦𝐚𝐬 𝐇𝐨𝐛𝐛𝐞𝐬
B 𝐉𝐚𝐜𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐑𝐨𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐚𝐮
C𝐊𝐚𝐫𝐥 𝐌𝐚𝐱

d 𝐒𝐭. 𝐀𝐮𝐠𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐞
 Which of the following scholars saw conflict transformation
As change?

A 𝐉𝐨𝐡𝐧𝐋𝐞𝐝𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐡
B 𝐒𝐡𝐞𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐤 𝐁𝐞𝐬𝐭
C𝐉𝐨𝐡𝐧𝐌𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐫

d 𝐉𝐨𝐡𝐧𝐁𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐨𝐧
 What is Ghandhian conception of peace?

A 𝑼𝒉𝒖𝒓𝒖
B 𝐒𝐚𝐥𝐚𝐚𝐦
C𝐀𝐡𝐢𝐦𝐬𝐚

d 𝐒𝐡𝐚𝐥𝐨𝐦
 Ubuntu an Africa conception of peace and conflict resolution
Is derived from the ____________ language

A 𝑩𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒖
B 𝐒𝐰𝐚𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢
C𝐀𝐬𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐢

d 𝐇𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐚
 The western conception of human rights stresses _________

A 𝑪𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒔𝒎
B 𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐝𝐮𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐦
𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐦
C

d 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫 −𝐠𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
 The war over the ownership of warri of the Niger Delta was
Among Itsekiri, Ijaw and _____________ ethnic groups

A Isoko

B 𝐍𝐝𝐨𝐤𝐰𝐚
C𝐔𝐫𝐡𝐨𝐛𝐨

d 𝐄𝐟𝐢𝐤
 The universalization of theories and methodologies in peace
And conflict studies is what Tim Murithi describes as the
Condition of _____________

A Colonial mentality

B 𝐂𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞
C𝐄𝐩𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐦

d 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐥𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐦
 The three related dimension of the context of any conflict are
Distance past, immediate past and ______________ of
current events

A Beginning

B 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧
C Ending

d Inception
 The conception of peace as an ideal situation of what ought
To be is associated with the ____________ definition of peace

A Philosophical

B 𝑷𝒐𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍
C Sociological

d Psychological
 The concept of human rights that recognizes the right to
Peace as a public good is known as

A Collective humanity

B 𝑪𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔
C National rights

d Societal rights
 The broadening and deepening of the security agenda is
Broadly described as ____________ studies

A Oppositional security

B 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒂𝒓𝒚 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒚
C Critical security

d Evaluative security
 The biological theory gave rise to the __________ theory

A Innate

B 𝑺𝒚𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒎
C Physiological

d Deprivation
 The absence of unjust structures, unequal relationships,
justice and inner peace at the individual level is known as
__________peace

A Inner

B 𝐍𝐞𝐠𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞
C Positive

d Calm
 The _________ process is the method of transferring conflict
Resolution from one setting to another

A Prescriptive process

B 𝐎𝐛𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬
C Subjective process

d Descriptive process
 The Odi crisis was _____

A 1999

B 𝟏𝟗𝟗𝟖
C 1997

d 2001
 Parties in a conflict are pursuing ______

A Self Promotion

B Interests

C Violence

d Justice
 Primary parties are those who are _______

A Wealthy

B Violent

C Leaders

d Government
 _____ is the term for these tough and uncompromising stands
that parties to a conflict assume

A Interest

B Position

C Fear

d Hope
 The number of components of the realist theory

A 3

B 4

C 5

d 6
 The point of counting burnt houses and the dead is ____ stage

A Confrontational

B Crisis

C Post Conflict

d Outcome
 Conflict handling styles do not include ____

A Accommodation

B Domination

C Harmony

d Compromising
 ___ situation, allows for win some, loss some in conflict
resolution

A Compromising

B Collaborating

C Fighting

d War
 _____ conflict handling style under normal circumstances,
leads to a lasting resolution of conflict

A Problem Solving

B Accommodation

C Integrative

d Comprehensive
 ____ is not part of the five basic principles that guide the
conduct of mediation

A Impartiality

B Confidentiality

C Self determination

d Friendship
 ______ includes the prevention and resolution of violent
conflicts

A Conflict resolution

B Conflict Transformation

C Peace Building

d Peace Keeping
 ____ is least important in solving the Niger Delta Crisis

A Sovereign conference

B Equality in Revenue allocation

C Niger Delta Trust Fund

d Amnesty
 Boko Haram is ____

A Ethnic Conflict

B Religious Conflict

C North-South conflict

d Cultural Conflict
 Tom Polo is a ____ in Niger Delta conflict

A GOC

B Militant

C General

d Gate keeper
 _____ is responsible for the peace of the grave yard

A Happiness

B Sorrow

C Intimidate

d Satisfaction
 ____ is not a recommended solution to end the Fulani
herdsman farmers conflicts in Nigeria

A Joint herdsmen-farmers peace commites

B Provision of grazing lands

C Improved Security

d Ranching
 _____ is not a peace building effort in Nigeria

A Creation of states

B Amnesty

C Introduction of GSM in Nigeria

d Creation of six geo-political zones

 ______ is the working together of conflicting parties to bring
about peace

A Effective Communication

B Arbitration

C Collaboration

d Negotiation
 ____ phases of negotiation are involved in conflict
management

A One

B Three

C Four

d Seven
 Reducing negative and destructive capacity of conflict is _____

A Conflict adjudication

B Conflict transformation

C Conflict Management

d Conflict suppression
 A change of conflict from a bad nature to a fairly good
condition is

A Alternate dispute resolution

B Conflict Transformation

C Problem Solving

d Conflict resolution
 ____ is not an agent of conflict suppresion

A Army

B Police

C Multinational oil companies

d State security service

 _____ is the other side of peace

A Security

B Needs

C Interests

d Violence
 Time lines are ______

A Dates and events in a conflict

B Actors and their roles in conflict

C Dates of negotiation

d Identity of all involved in the conflict

 Conflict resolution means ______

A Promoting Conflict

B Terminating conflict

C Prolonging conflict

d Mediating conflict
 Conflict Transformation means ______

A Transforming Conflict

B Suppression of Conflict

C Coming into being of new situations

d Applying different methods

 Realist theories of conflict is about _______

A Inherency

B Power of struggle

C Structural violence

d Poverty
 Biological theories is about _____

A Frustration aggression

B Human kind is evil by nature

C New discovery in medical science

d Alienation
 ____ is not a recommended attribute of a good mediator

A Arrogance

B Simplicity

C Neutrality

d understanding
 A parent that demonstrates no concern over a reported
fighting of children while the parent was away to work is
guilty of ________

A Conflict Suppression

B Conflict transformation

C Conflict management

d Conflict generation
 ____ is a negotiation type

A Constructive negotiation

B Friends negotiation

C Third party negotiation

d Shadow party negotiation

 _____ is not a recommended quality of a peace facilitator

A Resourcefulness

B kindness

C Lack of care

d Moderation
 _____ make parties restless and anxious in a conflict

A Power

B Fears

C Needs

d Soldiers
 ______ complicates conflict situations

A Shadow party

B Main party

C Interested party

d Soldiers
 ______ theory sees human nature as selfish and power
hungry

A Radical structural

B Realist

C Economic

d Psycho-cultural
 _____ is open manifestation of a conflict

A Fighting stage

B Surrender stage

C Crisis stage

d Pre-conflict stage
 ______ is a type of cultural violence

A Denying a widow of her late husbands property

B Giving out widow to another member of the family as wife

C Encouraging a widow to continue in far land

d Assisting widow to overcome, her personal problem

 ______ is not a third party intervention mechanisim

A collaboration

B Negotiation

C Mediation

d Arbitration
 _____ is a component of the realist theory

A Descriptive realism

B Balancing realism

C Reconstructive realism

d Positive realism
 The alternative dispute resolution (ADR) has to do with the
application of _____ methods of solving conflict

A Non-conventional peaceful

B Military option

C Legal method

d Civil defense
 The crisis stage of a conflict is ______

A When parties are identified

B When violence is employed

C Point of no return

d Leaders disagree bitterly

 Galtung propounded the theory of ______

A Positive peace

B Negative peace

C Wholesome Peace

d Partial Peace
 “Wickedness of man” is given as cause of conflict in the ____
theory

A Frustration-Aggression Theory

B Physiological theory

C Psyco-cultural theory

d Economic theory
 _____ theory traces the root cause of conflict to a flaw in
human nature

A Structural radical

B Liberal structural

C Frustration-Aggression

D Realist
 According to Biological theories, failure to express anger will
not result in ____

A Stress

B Heart Diseases

C High Blood Pressure

D Hypertension
 ____ is not a component of direct violence

A Physical

B Emotion

C Psychological injury

D Policies

E Abuses
 Reconciliation is the ____ stage of peace process

A Intermediate

B Initial

C Medium

D Final

E Fundamental
 _____ theory sees human nature as selfish and power hungry

A Radical structural

B Liberal structural

C Realist

D Economic

E Psycho-cultural
 Rumors represent ___ stage of a conflict

A Pre - conflict

B Crisis

C Confrontation

D Outcome

E Fearful
 Peace building starts when ____

A People start talking

B Hostility ends

C War is in progress

D Hostile neighbors fight

E A party wins the war

 Peace building efforts are ___

A Continual

B Terminal

C For a short period

D Periodical

E None of the above

 Crude oil was discovered in Oloibiri in Bayelsa state in

A 1958

B 1956

C 1959

D 1966

E 1960
 _____ is the consequence of youth unemployment in the
Niger Delta

A Empowerment

B Owigiri Dance

C Militarism

D Creation of Bayelsa State

E None of the above

 The outcome stage of conflict does not include

A Intense fighting

B Surrender

C Cease Fire

D Third party intervention

E Curfew
 The ’want-get-ratio’ is the cause of conflict in the ____ theory

A Radical structure

B Liberal structure

C Frustration aggression theory

D Biological

E Human needs
 The conflict resolution method of Ghandi is _______

A Arbitration

B Adjudication

C Non violence

D Violence

E None of the above

PHILOSOPHY AND LOGIC
 The ancient period of western philosophy is divided into

Modern and ancients periods

A

B 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐨𝐜𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐝𝐬

C Socratic and modern period

d Ancient, medieval, modern and contemporary period

e Presocratic and Socratic period

 Which of the following is an essential attribute of a substance.

A It depend on other things to exist

B 𝐈𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐞𝐱𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞
C Its existence does not bring change

d It is in the state of becoming

e It is an accidental property of a thing.

 The modern period of philosophy is characterized with

A The issue of existence

B 𝐒𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐠𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
C The search of basic reality

d The proof of Gods existence

e The search of the authentic truth about man

 The logical positivist adopted the theory of

A Falsifiability

B 𝐏𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐬𝐦
C Existentialism

d Verifiability

e Realist
 Recent development studies have shown that development is
mostly measured in terms of

A Gross domestic product

B 𝐁𝐚𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐞
C Quality

d Quantity

e Political stability
 The development of man is basically divided into

A Moral/spiritual

B 𝐌𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐥
C Moral and structural

d Quality education and medical facilities available

e Income paid as tax

 The greatest challenge to believers and would be believer in
God is

A The decent among religious leaders

B 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐛𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞

C The problem to evil in the world

d Depressed economy

e The uncertainties of life

 Petitio principi is interpreted as

A Begging the question

B 𝐀𝐩𝐩𝐞𝐚𝐥 𝐭𝐨𝐩𝐢𝐭𝐲
C Intended to mislead

d Immoral.
 Represent the following statement PVQVJ

A P and Q or J

B 𝐏𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐐𝐮𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐨𝐫 𝐉𝐨𝐧𝐡

C P if Q then J

d P if and only if Q then J

 The relationship between the premises and the conclusion
of________ type of argument is based on probability

A Deductive

B 𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞
C Ethical

d Statistical
 The subject matter of _______ is not empirically observable
but rationally discernable

A Empiricism

B 𝐑𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐦
C Metaphysics

d Epistemology
 ________ is the major determinants of authenticity of our
knowledge claim

A The object, time and source of knowledge

B 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐨𝐛𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭 ,𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐢𝐜𝐨𝐟 𝐤𝐧𝐨𝐰𝐥𝐞𝐝𝐠𝐞

C The truth, authority and objective of knowledge

d The source, design and reality of knowledge

 In an attempt to resolve the problem of appearance and
reality______ distinguished primary and secondary qualities
possessed by objects

A Rene Descartes

B 𝐈𝐦𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐮𝐞𝐥𝐊𝐚𝐧𝐭
C Aristotle

d John Locke
 ______ are the stags of the act of thinking logically

A Simple apprehension, judgement and premises

B 𝐉𝐮𝐝𝐠𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 ,𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠

C Reasoning, proposition and premises

d Simple apprehension, judgement and reasoning

 Rene Descartes views about mind and body is called______

A Kanthesian theory

B 𝐂𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐲
C Occasionalism theory

d Pre-establishment Harmony theory

 ______ is a situation in which a patient voluntarily his/her
own death with the assistance of another person

A Euthanasia

B 𝐌𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐲 𝐤𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠
C Assisted suicide

d Voluntary euthanasia
 The quantity of a proposition is determined by whether it is
_________

A Universal or particular

B 𝐔𝐧𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐚𝐥 𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞
C Affirmative or negative

d Particular or negative
 Argumentum Ad Verecundian means ________

A Argument of ignorance

B 𝐀𝐩𝐩𝐞𝐚𝐥 𝐭𝐨𝐩𝐢𝐭𝐲
C Argument from irrelevant conclusion

d Appeal to authority
 The process of drawing a conclusion from one or more
premises is called_______

A Syllogistic inference

B 𝐌𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞
C Immediate Inference

d Inference

e
 Hypothetical propositions makes assertion about ________

A Class

B 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬
C Alternatives

d Consequents
 Symbolize “Peter is a boy and John is not happy”

A Class

B 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬
C Alternatives

d Consequents

e
 In a square of opposition, where the “A” preposition is false,
the “E”proposition

A True

B 𝐅𝐚𝐥𝐬𝐞
C Undetermined

d True and False

 All sounds argument are

A Invalid

B 𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞
C Valid

d True
 “Please, give me pass grand in your course because I was sick
during the exam an example of

A Argumentum ad baculum

B 𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐮𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐮𝐦 𝐚𝐝𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐮𝐧
C Argumentum ad misericordian

d Argumentum ad populum
 The truth table is a device used for getting the______ of the
statement

A Veracity

B 𝐅𝐚𝐥𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐲
C Ability

d Truth value.
 Conditional Proposition are into _______

A Categories and conditional

B 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐥
C Hypothetical and absolute

d Disjunctive and hypothetical

 Ontology and Cosmology are other area of study in the
branch of philosophy called

A Cosmo gamy

B 𝐄𝐭𝐡𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐬
C Metaphysics

d Epistemology
 _________ is a claim to knowledge that is either true of false

A Conclusion

B 𝐀𝐫𝐠𝐮𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭
C Proposition

d Premise
 For using philosophy to explain the Christain doctrine,
medieval philosophers called _______

A Church father

B 𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐮𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐬
C Crusaders

d Apologetics
 For Aristotle, Ideas are

A Real

B 𝐌𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐛𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬
C Rational concepts

d Real forms of reality

 The medieval philosophers are apologists because they

A Abused faith to justify philosophical concepts

B 𝐁𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞
C Believe revelation

d Were church fathers.

 For Friedrich Neitzsche, God is dead. This implies that

A Man is free

B 𝐢𝐬𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐝𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐝
C Destiny is the faith of man

d Man has freewill

 The branch of philosophy that is also concerned with the
nature of being is

A Axiology

B 𝐌𝐞𝐭𝐚𝐩𝐡𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐜
C Logic

d Epistemology
 One major contribution of philosophy to national
development is ________

A Physical

B 𝐏𝐬𝐲𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥
C Moral

d Economic
 ________ is associated with the theory of world of forms

A Socrates

B 𝐓𝐡𝐚𝐥𝐞
C Aristotle

d Plato
 “I believe that i may understand ” is credited to the________
period

A Medieval

B 𝐀𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐭
C Modern

d Contemporary
 Philosophy is not

A Analytic

B 𝐝𝐨𝐠𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐜
C Critical

d All-encompassing
 _______ is an independent assertion about something in an
argument

A Reason

B 𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐢𝐬𝐞
C valid

d Argument
 Plato borrowed the world of forms and world of particulars
from

A Thales and Socrates

B 𝐏𝐲𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐠𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐬𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐭𝐥𝐞
C The sophist and Greeks

d Aphrodite and Homer

 The two main branches of logical reasoning are

A Particular and universal

B 𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐢𝐬𝐞𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧
C Inductive and deductive

d Valid and invalid

 The pre-Socratic and Socratic stages belongs to what period
Of philosophy

A Medieval

B 𝐀𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐭
C modern

d contemporary
 Which of these is not among the primary stuff of creation

A Indeterminate

B 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐞𝐧𝐭
C Atoms

d Early
 Underline the odd items from the list

A Free will and determinism

B 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐆𝐨𝐝𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

C Mind/body dualism

d Rationalism and empiricism

 Logical reasoning is different from others because

A It deals with the form and structures of arguments

B 𝐈𝐭𝐝𝐞𝐚𝐥𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬 ,𝐡𝐮𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠

C It deals with fallacious reasoning

d It entails the inner working of the human mind

 The combination of quantity and quality in categorical
proposition is referred to as

A Five-fold scheme

B 𝐓𝐡𝐫𝐞𝐞 −𝐟𝐨𝐥𝐝 𝐬𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐦𝐞

C Four-fold scheme

d Two-fold scheme
 The predicate term and subject term of a categorical
Proposition is separated by a _____________

A Middle term

B 𝐂𝐨𝐩𝐮𝐥𝐚
C Minor term

d Dividing term
 _______________Is an atomist philosopher

A Democritus

B 𝐒𝐨𝐜𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬
C Plato

d Thrasymachus
 The intellectual culture of the modern period of philosophy
was that of _______________

A Philosophical investigation

B 𝐌𝐞𝐭𝐚𝐩𝐡𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐢𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐠𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
C Mythological investigation

d Scientific investigation
 ___________ tried to reconcile reason and experience as
Sources of knowledge

A Leibniz

B 𝐊𝐚𝐧𝐭
C Descartes

d Locke
 The _______________ period witnessed a number of radical
Revolts and movements directed against traditional
philosophy

A Ancient period

B 𝐏𝐫𝐞− 𝐬𝐨𝐜𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐝
C Contemporary period

d Classical period
 The traditional square of opposition provides an example of
_________inference

A Synthetic

B 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐱𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫
C Mediate

d Immediate
 Thee quantity of proposition is determined by whether it is
a _____________ or _________

A Universal or particular

B 𝐆𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐨𝐫 𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐥
C Affirmation or negative

d Mood or form.
 The distinction between primary and secondary qualities in
Things were used by John Locke to solve the problem of ____

A Body and mind

B 𝐑𝐞𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐩𝐩𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞
C Permanence

d Good or evil
 The technical name for the difference existing among the four
categorical proposition called ___________

A Traditional square of opposition

B 𝐓𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐬𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞

C Traditional square of qualitative propositions

d Traditional square of quantitative proposition

 The chief purpose of the pre-socratics era was to discover the
Nature of the ________________which the universe is
composed of

A Primary substance

B 𝐒𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐬𝐮𝐛𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞
C Metaphysical substance

d Universal matter
 The first scientist to provide rational explanation of reality
was

A Socrates

B 𝐏𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐨
C

d Heraclitus
 ___________ is the science of the ultimate foundation of the
universe

A Metaphysics

B 𝐄𝐩𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦𝐞
C Psychology

d Philosophy
 The first philosophical problem for the student of philosophy
Is ______________

A Definition of philosophy

B 𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞
C Body and mind

d Appearance and reality

 During the pre-socratic era, there was a shift in the pattern
Of thought from mythology and __________ explanation of
reality

A Empirical

B 𝐀𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐲𝐭𝐢𝐜
C Descriptive

d Rational
 The first exponents of the classical era in the history of
western philosophy were the _____________

A Sophists

B 𝐄𝐦𝐩𝐢𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐬
C Rationalist

d Existentialist
 The subject matter of ___________ is not empirically
observable but rational discernable

A Epistemology

B 𝐀𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐬
C Metaphysics

d Phenomenology
 The ____________ are the major determinants of the
authenticity of our knowledge claims

A The object, time and source

B 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐨𝐛𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭 ,𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐢𝐜

C The truth, authority and object

d The empiricity, object and analysis

 Rene Descartes's view about body and mind is called
________

A Kanthesian theory

B 𝐂𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐲
C Occasionalism

d Pre-established harmony
 The process of drawing conclusion from one or more premises
is called _________________

A Syllogism

B 𝐌𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞
C Immediate inference

d Inference
 The indubitable axiomatic truth for Rene Descartes is
________

A Credo ut intelligam

B 𝐄𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐢𝐩𝐢
C Cogito ergo sum

d Existence precedes essence

 Existentialists were of the view that previous philosophers
overlooked the vital problems of ______________

A Human existence

B 𝐀𝐧𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐱𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞
C Philosophers

d Pragmatic existence
 One of the philosophers associated with the beginning of
philosophy in Greece

A Aristotle

B 𝐅𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐬𝐁𝐚𝐜𝐨𝐧
C Plato

d Anaximander
 Anaximander held the primary substance of nature to be

A Fire

B 𝑾𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓
C Cells

d Boundless infinite
 The medieval period of philosophy was dominated by

A Scientists

B 𝑴𝒂𝒈𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒔
C Modern philosophers

d Theologians
 Plato was most noted for teaching that real object exist in
_______

A Matter

B 𝑺𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒕𝒚
C The world of forms

d Heaven
 Aristotle in his philosophy was a

A Meta physicist

B 𝑺𝒕𝒐𝒊𝒄
C Realist

d Sophist
 In logic, moving from particular statements to general
principle is known as

A Scientist display

B 𝑺𝒚𝒎𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒊𝒄 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒊𝒄
C Inductive logic

d Deductive logic
 An argument is a collection of ______________

A Proposition/statements

B 𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒔
C Information

d Sentences
 When the premise of an argument and the conclusion
logically follow, the argument is said to be ____________

A Correct

B 𝑺𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒅
C Valid

d Valid and true

 Branches of philosophy do not include __________

A Epistemology

B 𝑳𝒐𝒈𝒊𝒄
C Mysticism

d Aesthetics
 An argument is sound when _______________

A The premise and conclusion are correct

B 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒍𝒖𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒆

C The premises are true

d The conclusion is inferred from the premises

 Euthanasia can also be known as __________

A Suicide

B 𝑴𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒚 𝒌𝒊𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒐𝒓 𝒍𝒆𝒕𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒏𝒈 𝒅𝒊𝒆

C Honor killing

d Murder
 Positivism believes that for a theory to be true it must be

A Sound

B 𝑺𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒚 𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒇𝒊𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆
C Methodical and current

d Based on faith
 Marxism advocates and explain history from the point of view
of ______________

A Harmony

B 𝑩𝒂𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆
C Dialogue

d Conflicts
 Marxism advocates and explain history from the point of view
of ______________

A Harmony

B 𝑩𝒂𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆
C Dialogue

d Conflicts
 Philosophy can originate from ___________

A Dreams and revelations

B 𝑬𝒕𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒍 𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆

C Spiritual development

d Religious exercises
 The view that experience is the primary source of human
knowledge is known as _________

A Rationalism

B 𝑹𝒆𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒔𝒎
C Empiricism

d Pragmatism
 The problem of freedom and determinism can be found in the
Branch of philosophy known as

A Logic

B 𝑬𝒕𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒔
C Epistemology

d Metaphysics
 The branch of philosophy that deals with questions of beauty
is called _________________

A Philosophy

B 𝑬𝒕𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒔
C Axiology

d Aesthetics
 Logic deals with the ___________of reasoning process

A Corpus

B 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕
C Stages

d Foundation
 “Socrates is mortal because he is a man and all men are
mortal” is an example of

A A valid argument

B 𝑨𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕
C An invalid argument

d Unsound argument
 Validity or invalidity refers to ___________

A Propositions

B 𝑨𝒓𝒈𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔
C Premises

d Statements
 Fallacy can be broadly divided into ________ and ________-

A Formal and informal

B 𝑹𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒗𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒂𝒎𝒃𝒊𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒇𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒔

C Primary and secondary fallacies

d Real and unreal fallacies

 Fallacy is _____________

A A valid argument

B 𝑨 𝒅𝒆𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕
C An invalid argument

d An argument
 Argumentum ad misericordium refers to

A Appeal to force

B 𝑨𝒑𝒑𝒆𝒂𝒍 𝒕𝒐𝒑𝒊𝒕𝒚
C Appeal to false authority

d Appeal to persons
 Where threats are used in an argument, it is known as

A Argumentum ad Baculum

B 𝑨𝒓𝒈𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒖𝒎 𝒂𝒅 𝒑𝒐𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒖𝒎
C Argumentum ad Misericordia

d Argumentum vericordium
 “I believe that I may understand” defines ___________

A Ancient period

B 𝑴𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒆𝒗𝒂𝒍 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒐𝒅
C Modern period

d Contemporary period
 _________ is not a movement in contemporary philosophy

A Nominalism

B 𝑬𝒙𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒔𝒎
C Anaximander philosophy

d Neo-Thomism
 Etymologically, philosophy means _____________

A Love and wisdom

B 𝑳𝒐𝒗𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒘𝒊𝒔𝒅𝒐𝒎
C Love to wisdom

d Lovely wisdom
 Philosophy is often said to begin in

A Hope

B 𝑬𝒙𝒑𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
C Wonder

d Desire
 Logic is different from other sciences because

A It deals with the outcome of reasoning

B 𝑰𝒕 𝒅𝒆𝒂𝒍𝒔 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒉𝒖𝒎𝒂𝒏𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒐𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒈

C It deals with the problems of reasoning

d It deals with human mind

 ____________ is the relationship between faith and reason is
the medieval period

A Faith precedes reason

B 𝑹𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒐𝒏𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒆𝒅𝒆𝒔 𝒇𝒂𝒊𝒕𝒉
C Reason was the servant of faith

d Faith alone mattered

 The verificatory principle is a major theme in __________

A Existentialism

B 𝑷𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒔𝒎
C Idealism

d Pragmatism
 What type of sentences are the logician interested in

A Exclamative

B 𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒓𝒐𝒈𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒚
C Declarative

d Argumentative
 “If I am hungry, I will eat, I am not hungry, therefore I will not
eat falls foul of the law of

A Modus tollens

B 𝑭𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒚
C Ambiguity

d Irrelevant conclusion
 Contraries are two propositions which

A Cannot both be true, but may both be false

B 𝑾𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒉𝒃𝒐𝒕𝒉 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒆

C Which both are not true

d Which can be both true and may both not be false

 The four-fold scheme of categorical propositions are

A AEIO

B 𝑬𝑰𝑨𝑶
C AIEO

d IAOE
 Hylemorphism is a combination of ________ and ________

A Reason and experience

B Man and formation

C Potentiality and actuality

d Matter and form

 A justified true believe is _____________

A Opinion

B cultural

C guess

d Knowledge
 Who convened the Vienna circle

A A. J Ajar

B Rudolf Carnap

C Bertrand Russell

d Shlick
 _____________ is not a source of knowledge

A Sense experience

B Science

C Revelation

d Faith
 The subject term and predicate term of a categorical
proposition is separated by ________

A term

B A major premise

C Minor term

d A copula
 ____________ is a claim to knowledge that is either true or
false

A Premise

B Proposition

C Inference

d Argument
 What method does philosophy adopt in its investigation of
reality?

A Religious method

B Political method

C Critical method

d Empirical method
 Mention two similarities between philosophy and religion

A Both seek to prove the existence of God

B Both seek to understand reality

C Both insist in knowing God

d Philosophy is against the existence of God contrary to religion

 Which of the following is a branch of philosophy that studies
values

A Axiology

B Epistemology

C Rhetoric

d Logic
 The modern period of philosophy is characterized by

A Proof of God’s existence

B The search for basic reality

C Scientific investigation

d Essence of existence
 All sound arguments are invalid

A True

B False

C Undetermined

d Determined
 Who is associated with the theory of form

A Aristotle

B Socrates

C Kant

d Plato
 ______________ and _____________ are the two types of
inferences

A Superaltern and subaltern

B Immediate and mediate

C Education and induction

d Inference and syllogisms