Physics course – Foundation II

PH003
Fall - 2021

Lecture 5
By :
Dr. Nader Shehata

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Today

Work

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 Work
• Work is the connection between force and energy.

• Work depends on : force, displacement, and angle between

them.

• Work is said to be done if the force applied on the object

Succeeds in moving it.

When the work is zero ?

• No force or net force equal zero.

• No displacement ( A man pushing against a wall )
• The angle between the force and displacement is 90.
Force

Displacement 3
 Work

Case 1: Force is constant and in same direction of motion :

W: work
F : force or sum of forces
S : displacement ( may be x - xo or ∆ x)

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 Example
A tow truck pulls a car of mass 1200 kg. They have an
initial speed of 10 m/s when they enter the merge ramp and
a final speed of 30 m/s when they leave the merge lane and
enters the highway. The length of the merge lane is 20 m.
Find the work done on the car if he car moves with uniform
(constant) acceleration.

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 Solution :
• Get the acceleration
•Then, the force : F = m a
•Finally, work done = Fs = F (x-xo) = F ∆ x

Note : the acceleration is uniform :

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Solution :

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 Work
Case II “General” : Force is constant but not in same direction of
displacement :

Angle is zero : maximum work

Angle is 90 : zero work 8
Work sign

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Test your knowledge

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Test your knowledge

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Test your knowledge

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Test your knowledge

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 Work
When the work is positive ?

• When the force or its component in the same direction of

displacement.
Force Displacement

When the work is negative ?

• When the force or its component in opposite direction to

displacement such as friction force.

Force Displacement

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Homework

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 Solution

(a) Lifting means there is a displacement in the same direction

of force which is the tension in the rope. There is a positive
work.

(b) The displacement is upwards and the gravitational force is

downwards. The angle between them is 180 and the work
done by the gravitational force is negative

(c) The friction force always in opposite direction to motion.

The angle between the displacement and the frictional force
is 180 and the work done by the friction force is negative.

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 Solution
(d) The work done by the applied force is positive . The work
done by the friction force is negative . The net force is zero
as the body moves with uniform velocity. The total work is
zero too.

(e) Lifting a box : means a positive work from applied force and
negative work from gravity.
Lowering a box : means a positive work from gravity and
negative work from applied force .

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Example

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 Solution
• The work done by the weight mg is zero as the angle
between the weight and the displacement is 90.

• The work done by the normal force is zero as the angle

between the weight mg and the displacement is 90.

• The work done by Fp is

• The net work is 3200 J as only Fp force does

work
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Example

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Example

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Solution

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Work diagram

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Example

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Solution

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Solution

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Homework

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