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Solar Street Lights-1
Solar Street Lights-1
STREET LIGHT
ADVANTAGES:- DISADVANTAGES:-
1. Renewable Energy Source 1. Cost-Weather Dependent
2. Reduces Electricity Bills 2. Solar Energy Storage Is Expensive
3. Diverse Applications 3. Uses a Lot of Space-
4. Low Maintenance Costs 4. Associated with Pollution
5. Technology Development
AUTOMATIC SOLAR STREET LIGHTING
Automatic solar street lights are gradually replacing widely used traditional public street
lights. They have a crystalline silicon solar battery to supply power, a maintenance-free
controlled battery to store electricity, a ultra-bright LED lamps as light source. And they are
controlled by a smart charging and discharging controller. The solar panel, under the control
of the intelligent controller, collects solar energy and converts it into electricity when sunrays
hit solar cells. The storage battery is charged by the solar battery in daytime, and then it
powers the LED lamp in nighttime. Controller plays a very important role in protecting storage
battery from being overcharged or over-discharged.
model of solar street light
SOLAR PANELS:-
• Solar panels are those devices which are used to absorb the sun's rays and convert
them into electricity or heat.
• A solar panel is actually a collection of solar (or photovoltaic) cells, which can be used
to generate electricity through photovoltaic effect. These cells are arranged in a grid-
like pattern on the surface of solar panels.
• It may also be described as a set of photovoltaic modules, mounted on a structure
supporting it. A photovoltaic (PV) module is a packaged and connected assembly of
6×10 solar cells.
• When it comes to wear-and-tear, these panels are very hardy. Solar panels wear out
extremely slow. In a year, their effectiveness decreases only about one to two per cent
(at times, even lesser).
DETERMINATION AND RATING OF SOLAR
PANEL
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source that emits light when current flows through
it. Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with electron holes, releasing energy in the form of
photons. The color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photons) is determined by the energy
required for electrons to cross the band gap of the semiconductor. White light is obtained by using
multiple semiconductors or a layer of light- emitting phosphor on the semiconductor device.
POLES:-
It is a support or the backbone of the solar street light, where the lights is placed and the combination of
both the lamp and the pole are placed beside the streets.
INTERCONNECTING CABLES:-
The cable is used to interconnect the LED, solar panel and battery box which is fixed on the top of the pole.
This cable is used to connect a Photovoltaic module to the controller, controller to the lamps, and battery.
The size and length of the cable depend on the current being carried to the LED lights and the height of the
pole.
APPLICATIONS OF SOLAR STREET LIGHTING
GOVERNMENT UNITS AND MUNCIPALITIES
INDUSTRIAL AND CORPORATE LIGHTING
HIGHWAY AND ROADWAYS LIGHTING
PARKING LOTS, PARKS, PLAYGROUNDS
SCHOOLS, UNIVERSITIES, AIRPORT AND OUTDOOR SECURITY LIGHTINGS
1. Solar Panel
2. Solar Rechargable Battery
3. Capacitors
4. IR Sensor
5. Resistors
6. Microcontroller
7. Diodes
8. MOSFET and Switch
9. LED Lights
10.Interconnecting wires
CAPACITORS:-
A capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy in an electric field. It is a passive electronic
component with two terminals.
IR SENSOR:-
An infrared (IR) sensor is an electronic device that measures and detects infrared radiation in its
surrounding environment In our model we have also used a IR sensor instead of motion sensor which
works when any moving object or any vehicle passes through it and it triggers the microcontroller to
increase the Intensity of the light and the light again automatically goes down when there is no use. This
helps to save energy and also acts as a smart solar lighting system.
1.RESISTORS:-
A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit
element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide
voltages, In our model we have used both variable resistance as well as resistors for electrical resistance and
smooth conduction of the electrical circuit.
2.MICROCONTROLLER:-
A microcontroller (MCU for microcontroller unit) is a small computer on a single metal-oxide-
semiconductor (MOS) integrated circuit (IC) chip. A microcontroller contains one or more CPUs (processor
cores) along with memory and programmable input/output peripherals In our model we have used a
ATMEGA 16A microcontroller which is used as a chip which is programmed in such a way that it conrolls the
on and off and the intensity of the light. Whenever there is any movement in the IR sensor it is triggered in
the microcontroller and the microcontroller reacts to it by increasing the intensity of light as required and it
also auomatically goes down when not in use.
DIODES:-
A diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts current primarily in one direction (asymmetric
conductance); it has low (ideally zero) resistance in one direction, and high (ideally infinite) resistance in the
other In our model we have used diodes for the smooth functioning of the circuit and when the current passes
through the diode it gets forward biased and thus helps in the correct working of the circuit.