Organic Compounds -

Hydrocarbons
ALVIN LEO T. SUASIN
Name the element: ________
It has the following forms:

Answer: carbon
Car bon has ___________ valence
electrons.

Answer: 4
It is the main component of natural gas.
Name the gas.
Answer: methane
In organic chemistry, a __________ is an organic
compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon. 

Answer: hydrocarbon
Complete this: ________ rating

Answer: octane
 Guess the word

ca
te
nation
catenation
Guess the word

ali
pha
tic

aliphatic
Organic compounds
 Organic compound, any of a large class of chemical
compounds in which one or more atoms of carbon are
covalently linked to atoms of other elements, most
commonly hydrogen, oxygen, or nitrogen. britannica.com

Examples:
 proteins, lipids, carbohydrates
 Drugs, fibers , fuels, plastic – contains organic compounds
Exceptions of Organic Compounds

“CO, CO2, CCl4, inorganic cyanides(KCN),

carbonates(CaCO3), carbides (SiC) graphite, diamond are all
inorganic even though they contain carbon.”
Answer:
Because organic molecules don’t just contain carbon.
They contain hydrocarbons or carbon bonded to
hydrogen. quora.com
 Catenation
The bonding of carbon atoms to form chains (straight or branched and rings) is
called catenation.
Hydrocarbons

 Hydrocarbons are compounds comprised exclusively of carbon

and hydrogen. From: Treatise on Geochemistry, 2007

 They are by far the dominant components of crude oil, and processed petroleum
hydrocarbons (gasoline, diesel, kerosene, fuel oil, and lubricating oil). From: Treatise on
Geochemistry, 2007
SOCIAL STUDIES - ECONOMICS
How can oil and gas exploration help the economy of the
Philippines?
 Classes of Hydrocarbons
1. Aliphatic hydrocarbons – hydrocarbons that do not contain benzene ring.
General Chemistry, Ebbing, 5th ed
 An aliphatic compound is a hydrocarbon compound containing carbon and hydrogen
joined together in straight chains, branched trains or non-aromatic rings(not a benzene
ring). thoughtco.com
 Classes of Hydrocarbons
2. Aromatic hydrocarbon – hydrocarbons that contain benzene
rings. General Chemistry, Ebbing, 5th ed
 Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
A. Aliphatic saturated hydrcarbons – example are the alkanes and cycloalkane.
Hydrocarbons with single bonds and thus have the maximum number of hydrogen
atoms. science and technology 9, Gerona
B. Aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbons – examples are the alkenes and alkynes.
Hydrocarbons with double and triple bonds are called unsaturated hydrocarbons. The
number of hydrogen atoms is less to that of the saturated hydrocarbon.

alkane alkene alkyne

Alkanes are saturated containing C-C single bonds.

How write formulas of alkanes.

Use the general formula CnH2n + 2. Where: n is the number of carbon
atoms.
Write the formulas of the following alkanes.
1. methane
answer: CH4
2. ethane
answer: C2H6
3. propane
answer: C3H8
 ALKENES HYDROCARBONS THAT CONTAIN A
CARBON-CARBON DOUBLE BOND.
How write formulas of alkanes.
Use the general formula CnH2n . Where: n is the number of carbon atoms.
Write the formulas of the following alkanes.

1. ethene
answer: C2H4
2. propene
answer: C3H6
3. Butene
answer: C4H8
 ALKYNES HYDROCARBONS THAT CONTAIN A
CARBON-CARBON TRIPLE BOND.
How write formulas of alkanes.
Use the general formula CnH2n-2 . Where: n is the number of carbon atoms.
Write the formulas of the following alkanes.

1. ethyne
answer: C2H2
2. propyne
answer: C3H4
3. butyne
answer: C4H6
 Structural Formulas and Condensed Structural Formulas

Saturated hydrocarbon Unsaturated Unsaturated

hydrocarbon hydrocarbon

Name propane propene propyne

C-C bond With single bond With double bond With triple bond

Molecular formula C3H8 C3H6 C3H4

Structural formula

Condensed structural
formula
 Exercise No. 1 - Write formulas of the following
hydrocarbons
1. pentane
C5H12
2. nonene
C9H18
3. butyne
C4H6
4. undecene
C11H22
5. tetradecane
C14H30
Exercise No. 2 – Show the structural formula and condensed
structural formula of hexane
Exercise No. 3 – Show the structural formula and condensed
structural formula of butyne
Exercise No. 3 – Show the structural formula and condensed
structural formula of hexene.
Before we proceed to EDMODO activities answer the
question below.

1. What is a hydrocarbon?

Hydrocarbons are compounds comprised

exclusively of carbon and hydrogen.
Before we proceed to EDMODO activities answer the question below .
2. Differentiate alkane, alkene, and alkyne.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons; meaning a single bond

between the carbon atoms; alkenes are unsaturated
hydrocarbons meaning one or more double bonds between
carbon atoms; alkynes are also unsaturated hydrocarbons
with one or more triple bonds between the carbon atoms
See you at Edmodo. Thanks!