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  • Processor Organization6

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    Dinesh Kumar
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    The document summarizes the key components and organization of a CPU. It discusses that a CPU must be able to fetch instructions from memory, interpret them, fetch operands, process data, and write back results. The main components of a CPU are the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) which performs arithmetic and logic operations, the Control Unit (CU) which controls the other components, and registers for temporary storage. The ALU contains circuits for arithmetic, logic, shifting, and status flags. The CU generates control signals to sequence operations on the internal bus.

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    The document summarizes the key components and organization of a CPU. It discusses that a CPU must be able to fetch instructions from memory, interpret them, fetch operands, process data, and write back results. The main components of a CPU are the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) which performs arithmetic and logic operations, the Control Unit (CU) which controls the other components, and registers for temporary storage. The ALU contains circuits for arithmetic, logic, shifting, and status flags. The CU generates control signals to sequence operations on the internal bus.

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    5 views6 pages

    Processor Organization6

    Uploaded by

    Dinesh Kumar
    The document summarizes the key components and organization of a CPU. It discusses that a CPU must be able to fetch instructions from memory, interpret them, fetch operands, process data, and write back results. The main components of a CPU are the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) which performs arithmetic and logic operations, the Control Unit (CU) which controls the other components, and registers for temporary storage. The ALU contains circuits for arithmetic, logic, shifting, and status flags. The CU generates control signals to sequence operations on the internal bus.

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    of 6

    Processor Organization

    Introduction
    To understand the organization of a CPU, let us first of all
    understand what CPU us supposed to do. The CPU should be
    able to do the following things:
    • Fetch Instruction: The CPU reads instruction from memory.
    • Interpret Instruction: The instruction is decoded to
    determine the action to be performed.
    • Fetch Data or Operands: The CPU reads data or operands
    from memory.
    • Process data: The execution of an instruction requires some
    arithmetic or logical operation to be performed.
    • Write back: The result of execution may require writing
    data memory or I/O module.
    Components of CPU
    • To do these operations, CPU should proper internal structure
    and it should control the system bus.
    • The CPU consists of ALU, CU and registers.
    • ALU stands for Arithmetic and Logic Unit. It allows arithmetic
    (add, subtract, etc.) and logic (AND, OR, NOT, etc.) operations to
    be carried out.
    • CU stands for Control Unit. It controls the operation of the
    computer’s ALU, memory and I/O devices, telling them how to
    respond to the program instructions it has just read and
    interpreted from the memory unit.
    • Registers are high speed storage areas in the CPU. All data must
    be stored in a register before it can be processed. Eg. MAR, AC,
    PC, etc. The CPU controls the complete system bus, i.e. address
    bus, data bus and control bus.
    Components of CPU (Cont...)
    • The ALU includes arithmetic and logic circuits,
    complementer circuit, shifting circuits and the flags to
    indicate status information due to the results of operation.
    • The CPU consists of number of registers for different
    purposes. The internal communication to CPU takes place on
    internal CPU bus.
    • The Control Unit generates number of control signals which
    keeps the control on the sequence in which the activities will
    keep on taking place.
    Diag. of CPU Internals
    Practice Questions
    Q1. Mention the major components present inside a CPU
    and briefly explain the roles of each of them.

    Q2. How are the various components inside of a CPU


    arranged with respect to each other?

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