PROJECT ANDAM UG LUWAS KA BA?

“PROMOTING CULTURES OF PREPAREDNESS,

SAFETY AND RESILIENCY IN THE BARANGAY
THROUGH INFORMATION, EDUCATION AND
TRAINING”.

BASIC FIRST AID

TRAINING COURSE

Barangay Matina Crossing 74-A

Disaster Risk Reduction & Management Committee
BASIC FIRST AID TRAINING

Topic 4

Burns
Burns

• is a type of soft tissue injury involving the

skin, blood vessels, nerves, muscles and bones
and caused primarily by heat.

• can also occur when the body is exposed to

certain chemicals, electricity, solar or other
forms of radiation
Factors that Determine the Severity of Burns

1. The length of exposure to the source.

2. The temperature of the object or gas causing

the burn.
3. The depth.

4. The extent.

5. The involvement of critical areas.

6. The victim’s (patient’s) age.

7. The victim’s (patient’s) general health.

1. Length of exposure to the source

 The more prolonged the victim’s exposure to

the heat source or the longer the contact, the
more severe the burn.

2. Temperature of the object or gas causing

the burn
 The higher the degree of heat of the object or
gas the victim comes into contact will clearly
result to severe or critical burns.
3. Depth Classification

a. Superficial (1st Degree) Burns

 involve only the top layer of the skin, the
epidermis
 skin is red and dry, painful and sensitive to
touch
 generally heal in five (5) to six (6) days without
permanent scarring
 result from overexposure to the sun, light
contact with hot objects and scalding by hot
water or steam
b. Partial-thickness (2nd Degree) Burns

 involve both the epidermis and the dermis

 burned area has redness and blisters that may
open and weep clear fluid making the skin
surface wet
 usually painful and the burned area often
swells
 generally heal in three (3) to four (4) weeks
and scarring may occur
 result from moderate contact with hot liquids
or objects, flames (from gasoline, kerosene,
etc.) and too much exposure to solar radiation
c. Full-thickness (3rd Degree) Burns

 involve both the epidermis and the dermis as

well as any or all of the underlying structures –
fat, muscles, bones and nerves
 burned area looks brown or charred (black), with
tissues underneath sometimes appearing white
 either extremely painful or relatively painless
 scarring occurs and maybe severe
 life-threatening burns
 burn sites eventually require skin grafts
 caused by flame, ignited clothing, prolonged
contact with hot liquids or objects, or electricity
 BURNS : Depth Classification
Superficial Partial-Thickness Full-Thickness
(1st Degree) (2nd Degree) (3rd Degree)
4. Extent of Burns

The “Rule of Nine” is used to measure or assess

the extent or size of burns in a victim’s (patient’s)
body.
 Head : 9%
 Upper Chest : 9%
 Abdomen : 9%
 Upper Back : 9%
 Lower Back : 9%
 Left Arm : 9%
 Right Arm : 9%
 Left Thigh : 9%
 Right Thigh : 9%
 Left Leg : 9%
 Right Leg : 9%
 Genitals : 1%
BURNS : The Rule of 9
5. Critical Areas Involved

The parts of the human body considered

critical when burned:

 Face

 Hands

 Feet

 Genitalia
6. Victim’s (Patient’s) Age

 Victims younger than age 5 or older than 55 years are

vulnerable to critical or life-threatening burns. They have
thinner skin thus may often burn severely.

7. Victim’s (Patient’s) General Health

 Victims with pre-existing medical conditions are vulnerable to

critical or life-threatening burns. They tend to complicate
severe burns especially if they have heart or kidney problems
or respiratory illness.
Classification of Burns According to Severity

a. Critical Burns
• All burns complicated by fractures.
• Any degree of respiratory injury.
• Full-thickness (third degree) burns with more
than 10% of the body surface area (BSA).
• Partial-thickness (second degree) burns with
more than 25% of the body surface area.
• Moderate burns in an elderly or critically-ill
patient.
• For children: any full-thickness or partial-
thickness burn with more than 20% of the
body surface area.
b. Moderate Burns
• Full-thickness (third degree) burns with 2% to
10% of the body surface area (BSA).
• Partial-thickness (second degree) burns that
involve 15% to 25% of the body surface area.
• Superficial (first degree) burns with 50% or
more of the body surface area.
• For children: partial-thickness burns with 10%
to 20% of the body surface area.
c. Minor Burns
• Full-thickness (third degree) burns of less than
2% of the body surface area (BSA).
• Partial-thickness (second degree) burns of less
than 15% of the body surface area.
• For children: a partial-thickness burn less than
10% of the body surface area.
General First Aid Management for Burns

Objectives of Giving First Aid for Burns

• To relieve pain.
• To prevent contamination or infection.
• To treat for shock.

“Burns can cause shock as a result of

pain, loss of body fluids and loss of
temperature control.”
a. FA Management for Superficial Burns

 Immerse the affected part in cool water or any

cool liquid for about 2 – 5 minutes or until the
pain diminishes.
 Cover the affected part with a sterile or clean
cloth (dressing or compress).
 If the burning sensation won’t go away, continue
to put cool water over the dressing.

“Cooling superficial burns with water would

lessen pain and minimize additional tissue
destruction.”
b. FA Management for Partial-thickness Burns

 Immerse the affected part in cool water or any cool

liquid for about 1 – 2 hours or until the pain
diminishes.
 Apply sterile or clean cloth wrung out in ice water
over affected part.
 Do not break blisters.
 Gently blot the affected area dry with a sterile or
clean cloth.
 Apply dry, sterile gauze or clean cloth as a protective
bandage.
 If the legs or arms are affected, keep them elevated.

“Cooling partial-thickness burns with water

would lessen pain and minimize additional
tissue destruction.”
c. FA Management for Full-thickness Burns

 Remove victim from heat source.

 If victim is on fire, stop the burning process:
 smother the flames with a heavy cloth
 prevent victim from running and instead
direct him/her to stop, drop and roll
 Do not remove adhered particles of charred
clothing or attempt to clean the burned area.
 If fingers or toes have been burned, separate
them with dry, sterile and non-adhesive dressing.
 Do not apply cold water or ice on the burned
area. (It will cause critical body heat loss and
would intensify the shock reaction)

 Do not apply ointment, oil or other burn remedies

on the affected part. (Ointment and oil seal in
heat and may cause further complications and
interfere with treatment by the physician)
 Treat the victim for shock:
 keep the victim lying down
 elevate the feet unless he/she is
unconscious or has neck, back, head or
other severe injuries
 help the victim maintain body temperature
(burn victims have a tendency to chill)

 Transport victim to nearest medical facility.

 Flame Burns

• Remove victim from heat source and

stop the burning process.
• Immerse in or irrigate with cool water
superficial and partial-thickness burns.
• Cover superficial and partial thickness burns with cool,
moist and sterile dressing.
• Cover full-thickness burns with dry, sterile cloth or dressing.
• Do not break blisters.
• Do not apply ice or cold water or ointments, creams lotions
and other burn remedies on full-thickness burns.
• Transport victim to the nearest medical facility if burns are
severe or critical upon assessment.
 Scald Burns

• Immediately flush or irrigate the burned

area with cool water or immerse on cool
water.
• Remove any clothing immediately as clothing soaked with
hot liquid retains heat.
• Cover superficial and partial thickness burns with cool, moist
and sterile dressing.
• Cover full-thickness burns with dry, sterile cloth or dressing.
• Do not break blisters.
• Do not apply ice or cold water or ointments, creams lotions
and other burn remedies on full-thickness burns.
• Transport victim to the nearest medical facility if burns are
severe or critical upon assessment.
Airway Burns

• Burns in the face or front of the trunk indicate

there could be burns to the airway.

• There is risk of swelling of air passages that

would lead to difficulty breathing.

• Immediately call for help or transport victim to

nearest medical facility.
 Electrical Burns

 Electrical burns can be

more severe than they first
appear, with extensive
damage to deeper tissues

 They frequently show

“entry” and “exit” burns
at the point of contact
Electrical Burns

• Immediately call for help.

• Check for scene safety.
• Avoid any direct contact with the victim’s skin or any
electrical conducting material the victim got in contact
with.
• If possible, make sure electrical power is turned off.
• Once the scene is safe, check the ABCs of the victim.
• Perform Rescue Breathing or CPR if victim is not
breathing or has no pulse.
• Look for two burn sites as victims of electrocution will
have both entrance and exit wounds. Cover the burn
injuries with dry, sterile dressing.
 Chemical Burns

• Flush the affected part with cool,

running water.
• Do not use a forceful flow of water
from a hose. (The force may further
damage burned skin)
• Have the victim remove contaminated
clothing, if able to do so.
• If possible, identify the chemical that caused the burn
for subsequent neutralization.
• Transport victim to the nearest medical facility if burns
are severe or critical upon assessment.
Sunburns

• Sunburn is basically caused by prolonged exposure to

ultraviolet rays in sunlight.
• Signs and symptoms include pain, redness and fever.
• There is general skin damage and may eventually
develop into skin cancer.
• Cool the affected area with water until pain is relieved.
QUESTIONS?
Let us not grow tired of doing
good, for in due time we shall
reap our harvest, if we do not
give up…

Galatians 6:9