PHILOSOPHICAL

FOUNDATIONS
Group 1 Members: Rauf Abduracman, Alfaisa Muhammad, Haide Navales Ribo,
Marry Grace Navarraz, Mary Joy S. Laina, Rainnie Madtahil Carim, Rechel Rasnay,
Shierwin John Galicia Cabulao, AL-Sydney Dawili, Nashrev Eddai
PHILOSOPHICAL
FOUNDATIONS
 Educators, teachers, educational planners and policy makers must have a philosophy or strong
belief about education and schooling and the kind of curriculum in the teachers’ classrooms or
learning environment. Philosophy of the curriculum answers questions like: What are schools
for? What subjects are important? How should students learn? What methods should be used?
What outcomes should be achieved? Why?
 The various activities in school are influenced in one way or another by a philosophy. John
Dewey influenced the use of “leaming by doing”, he being a pragmatist. Or to an essentialist,
the focus is on the fundamentals of reading, writing and arithmetic, the essential subjects in the
curriculum.
THERE ARE MANY
PHILOSOPHIES IN
EDUCATION BUT WE WILL
ILLUSTRATE ONLY THOSE
AS PRESENTED BY
ORNSTEIN AND HUNKINS IN
2004.
Aim: ary educate the rational person;
cultivate intellect
Role: Teachers assist students to
think with.
Reason (critical thinking: HOTS)
Focus: Classical subjects, Literary
analysis Curriculum is enduring
Trends: Use of great books (Bible,
Koran, Classics) and Liberal Arts
Aim: To promote intellectual growth
of learners to become competent
Role: Teachers are sole authorities in
the subject area.
Focus: Essential skills of the 3Rs;
essential subjects
Trends: Back to basics, Excellence
in education, cultural literacy
Aim: Promote democratic social
living
Role: Teacher leads for growth and
development of lifelong learners
Focus: Interdisciplinary subjects.
Learner-centered. Outcomes-based
Trends: Equal opportunities for all,
Contextualized curriculum,
Humanistic. education
Aim: To improve and reconstruct
society. Education for change
Role: Teacher acts as agent of
change and reforms
Focus: Present and future
educational landscape
Trends: School and curricular
reform, Global education,
Collaboration and Convergence,
Standards and Competencies