INTRODUCTION

TO ETHICS
PRESENTED BY:
MR. PAUL MOGOL BALLOCANAG
THE MORAL AGENT
RULES
MORALITY
ETHICS
MORAL DILEMMAS
FREEDOM AND MORALITY
■ FREE WILL
■ TRUE FREEDOM
■ HUMAN ACTS
■ CULTURE
■ CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS
■ FAMILY VALUES
■ CHARACTER
OBJECTIVES
■ Recall the RULES to follow
■ Why do we have to follow RULES
■ Explain MORAL and NON-MORAL standards
■ Detect Moral Dilemma
■ Are HUMAN BEINGS the only ETHICAL
WHAT ARE RULE?
■ 1. Authoritative statement of what to do or not to do in a specific situation, issued by an
appropriate person or body. It clarifies or interprets a law or policy.
■ 2. Statement that establishes a principle or standard, and serves as a norm for guiding or
mandating action or conduct. Rules may be divided into four general categories:
(1) Folklore: Unpublished rules that are conveyed by behavior and are implicitly
understood.
(2) Guidelines: Commonly published and recommended practices that allow
some discretion with their interpretation and use.
(3) Mandates: Published commands that may not be ignored in any
circumstance and whose violation is punished.
(4) Policies: Published rules that imply a predicted behavior and whose
violation may be permitted or tolerated under certain circumstances.
“RULES ARE VIEWED AS RESTRICTIONS BY MANY” but can you imagine life
WITHOUT RULES ? Can you imagine a game without RULES?
■ People need RULES and LAWS to be able to live and deal together
■ Everything in our life should be restricted with rules or it becomes mess and unfair
■ We need rules to show respect to one another

“CLASSROOM RULES NEED TO BE IMPOSED TO IMPROVE LEARNING”

ALL RULES HAVE THE SAME PURPOSE: THEY ORGANIZED THE
RELATIONS BETWEEN THE INDIVIDUALS AND THE SOCIETY TO MAKE
IT CLEAR WHAT IS RIGHT AND WHAT IS WRONG.

RULES ARE DESIGNED TO ENSURE FAIRNESS, SAFETY

AND
RESPECT FOR OTHER PEOPLE’S RIGHTS.