MELCs:

Illustrates mutually exclusive events

(M10SP-IIIi-1) and
solve problems involving probability
(M10SPIIIi – j – 1)
Objectives:
1. Define mutually exclusive events,
dependent, and independent events.
2. Distinguish if two events are mutually
or non – mutually exclusive events
and independent or dependent events.
3. Determine the probability of mutually
exclusive events, non – mutually
exclusive events, independent events,
and dependent events.
Let’s Eplore and Discover
Two events are mutually
exclusive if they cannot
happen at the same time,
otherwise they are said to be
non-mutually exclusive.
Two events are independent if
the occurrence of one does not
affect the occurrence of the
other, otherwise, they are said to
be dependent.
Mutually and Non-mutually
Exclusive Events (The Additive Rule)

If A and B are any two events, then the

probability that A or B will happen is
given by the formula:
P(A or B) = P(A U B) =

P(A) + P(B) – P(A B)

where P(A B) is the probability that
both A and B will happen.
If A and B are mutually exclusive,
then P(A U B) = P(A) + P(B)
because if A and B are mutually
exclusive the probability of their
joint occurrences is zero.
Dependent and Independent
Events (The Multiplication
Rule)
If A and B are any two events,
then the probability that A and B
will happen is given by the
formula:
P(A and B) = P(A B) = P(A) • P()
If A and B are any two events, then the
probability that A and B will happen is
given by the formula:
where P() is the probability that both B will
happen given that A happened already.
However, if A and B are
independent events then,
P(A B) = P(A) • P(B) since
P() = P(B).
Conditional Probability – the
conditional probability of B, given that A has
occurred, is denoted by . Since A known to
have occurred, then A becomes the new
sample space replacing the original sample
space, S. The formula for the conditional
probability of B given A is
𝐏(𝐁𝐀)=

if P(A) ≠ 0.
Example 1
Determine if the following
events are Mutually
Exclusive Events or
NOT.
a. Dancing while
singing

Non-Mutually
Exclusive Event
b. Running while
listening to a
music
Non-Mutually
Exclusive Event
c. Answering the
module while
playing ML
Mutually
Exclusive Event
d. Sleeping while
cooking
Mutually
Exclusive Event
e. Being a male
and a female at
the same time
Mutually
Exclusive Event
f. Being at two
places at the
same time
Mutually
Exclusive Event
Example 2
Determine if the
following events are
Independent events or
Dependent events.
a. Tossing a pair
or coins
Independent
Event
b. Tossing a pair
of dice
Independent
Event
c. Drawing two cards
from a deck of 52
cards in succession
with replacement
Independent Event
d. Drawing two cards
from a deck of 52
cards in succession
without replacement
Dependent Event
e. Determining the
sexes of two children
in a family

Independent Event
f.Playing ML and
having internet
connection
Dependent Event
Example 3
Consider the situation and answer the
questions that follow.

A bowl contains 20 chips

numbered 0 to 19.
a.If a chip is drawn, find
the probability that it is
greater than 17 or less
than 4.
 The events of getting a chip greater than 17 and less than
4 are mutually exclusive events, thus, the probability of
drawing a chip that it is greater than 17 or less than 4 is P
(greater than 17 ∪ less than 4) = P (greater than 17) + P
(less than 4)P (greater than 17 ∪ less than 4) = +
P (greater than 17 ∪ less than 4) = or or 0.3 or 30%,
therefore the probability of drawing a chip that it is
greater than 17 or less than 4 is or 0.3 or 30%.
b. If a chip is drawn, find
the probability that it is a
multiple of 3 or divisible
by 5.
A = drawing a chip that it is a multiple of 3
B = drawing a chip that it is divisible by 5

P (A ∪ B) = P (A) + P (B) – P(A∩B)

P (A ∪ B) = + – = = = 0.45 = 45%

therefore, the probability of drawing a chip

that it is a multiple of 3 or divisible by 5 is or 0.45 or
45%.
c. If two chips are drawn in
succession without
replacement, find the probability
that the first chip is greater than
17 and the second chip is less
than 4.
A = first chip is greater than 17
B = second chip is less than 4
P(A and B) = P(A B) = P(A) • P( ) = • = or
0.02105 or 2.1% therefore, the probability of
getting two chips in succession without
replacement where the first chip is greater than 17
and the second chip is less than 4 is or 0.02105 or
2.1%
d. If two chips are drawn with
replacement,
find the probability that the first
chip is a multiple of 3 and the
second is divisible by 5.
A = first chip is a multiple of 3
B = second chip is divisible by 5

P(A and B) = P(A B) = P(A) • P(B) = • = or or

0.07 or 7% therefore, the probability of getting two
chips in succession with replacement where the first
chip is a multiple of 3 and the second chip is
divisible by 5 is or 0.07 or 7%
e. If two chips are drawn with
replacement, find the probability
that the second chip is a
multiple of 4 given that the first
chip is divisible by 5.
e. The event that the second drawn chip is a multiple of 4 given that the
first drawn chip is divisible by 5 falls under the conditional probability.
The said two events are independent evets. To solve the probability that
the second chip is a multiple of 4 given that the first chip is divisible by 5,
we let event A= divisible by 5 and event B= multiple of 4. It follows that
P(A) = and P(B)= . By formula:

Therefore, the probability that the second chip is a multiple of 4 given that
the first chip is divisible by 5 is 3/10 or 0.30 or 30% and you will notice
that the P( )=P(B) because events A and B are independent.
f. If two chips are drawn without
replacement, find the probability
that the
second chip is a multiple of 3
given that the first chip is
divisible by 9.
Let’s Practice
Directions:

Determine if the
following events are
mutually exclusive
events or not.
1) Gettinga letter b or d when a
spinner with 6 equally likely
outcomes is spun whose
possible outcomes are a, b, c, d,
e, and f.
Mutually Exclusive
Event
2) Getting a number
less than 2 or an odd
number when a die is
rolled
 Not-Mutually
Exclusive Event
3) Drawing a club or a
red when a card is
drawn randomly from a
deck of 52 cards
Mutually Exclusive
Event
4) Getting a number
greater than 3 or less
than 5 when rolling a
die
 Not-Mutually
Exclusive Event
5) Drawing a face card or
a number card when a
card from a standard deck
is drawn
Mutually Exclusive
Event
Directions:

Determine if the following

events are Independent
Events or Dependent
Events.
1) Getting a
head and a tail
when a coin is
tossed twice
Independent Event
2) Getting an even
number and a number
divisible by 3 when a
die is tossed twice
Independent Event
3) Getting a face card
and a number card
when two cards are
drawn successively with
replacements from an
ordinary deck of cards
Independent Event
4) Drawing a blue ball and
a red ball from a basket
containing 5 blue balls and
4 red balls drawn in
succession without
replacements
Dependent
Event
5) Drawing 2 red shirts
from a wardrobe
containing 5 red shirts
and 3 blue shirts
without replacements
Dependent
Event
Let’s Do More
Directions:

Find the probability of the

following compound
events. Write your answer
in simplest form
1. P(A ∪ B) if events A and
B are non – mutually
exclusive events where
P(A)=0.7, P(B)=0.6 and
P(A∩B)=0.5
0.7+0.6-0.5
0.8
2. P(A ∪ B) if events
A and B are
mutually exclusive
events where P(A) =
0.23 and P(B) = 0.67
0.23+0.67
0.9
3. Getting a letter b or d
when a spinner with 6
equally likely outcomes is
spun whose possible
outcomes are a, b, c, d, e,
and f
𝟏 𝟏 𝟐
+ =
𝟔 𝟔 𝟔
𝟏
𝟑
4. Getting a number
less than 2 or an
odd number when a
die is rolled
𝟏 𝟑 𝟏
+ −
𝟔 𝟔 𝟔
𝟏
𝟐
5. Drawing a club
or a red when a
card is drawn
randomly from a
deck of 52 cards
𝟏 𝟑 𝟐𝟔
+
𝟓𝟐 𝟓𝟐
𝟑𝟗
𝟓𝟐
6. Getting a number
greater than 3 or less
than 5 when rolling a
die
𝟑 𝟒 𝟏
+ −
𝟔 𝟔 𝟔
1
7. Drawing a face
card or a number
card when a card
from a standard
deck is drawn
𝟏𝟐 𝟑𝟔 𝟒𝟖
+ =
𝟓𝟐 𝟓𝟐 𝟓𝟐
𝟏𝟐
𝟏𝟑
8. Dario will select a red
marble or a yellow marble
at random if he puts 44
marbles in a box in which
14 are red, 12 are blue,
and 18 are yellow
𝟏𝟒 𝟏𝟖 𝟑𝟐
+ =
𝟒𝟒 𝟒𝟒 𝟒𝟒
 𝟖
𝟏𝟏
9. The randomly selected
household has a dog or a cat
out of 5200 households
surveyed if 2107 households
had a dog, 807 households had
a cat, and 303 households had
both a dog and a cat
𝟐𝟏𝟎𝟕 +𝟖𝟎𝟕 −𝟑𝟎𝟑
𝟒𝟒
𝟐𝟔𝟏𝟏
𝟓𝟐𝟎𝟎
10. Ruby will randomly
choose a white female puppy
if she’s dog has 8 puppies.
The puppies include 2 white
females, 3 mixed-color
females, 1 white male, and 2
mixed-color males
𝟐 𝟏
=
𝟖 𝟒
Directions:

Solve the following

problems. Write your answer
in simplest form.
A-1. Consider a box that contains 14 red balls, 12
blue balls, and 9 yellow balls. A ball is drawn at
random and the color is noted and then put back
inside the box. Then, another ball is drawn at
random. Find the probability that:

a. both are blue.

b. the first is red and the second is yellow.
a.
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
∙
𝟑𝟓 𝟑𝟓
a.
𝟏𝟒𝟒
𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟓
b.
𝟏𝟒 𝟗
∙
𝟑𝟓 𝟑𝟓
b.
𝟏𝟐𝟔
𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟓
A-2. Consider a box that contains 14 red balls,
12 blue balls, and 9 yellow balls. Suppose that
two balls are drawn one after the other without
putting back the first ball. Find the probability
that:

a. the first is red and the second is blue.

b. both balls are yellow.
a.
𝟏𝟒 𝟏𝟐
∙
𝟑𝟓 𝟑 𝟒
a.
𝟏𝟐
𝟖𝟓
b.
𝟗 𝟖
∙
𝟑𝟓 𝟑𝟒
b.
𝟕𝟐
𝟏𝟏𝟗𝟎
B-1. A box of chocolates contains 10 milk
chocolates, 8 dark chocolates, and 6 white
chocolates. Rhea randomly chooses a
chocolate, eats it, and then randomly chooses
another chocolate. What is the probability
that Rhea chose a milk chocolate, and then, a
white chocolate?
𝟏𝟎 𝟔
∙
𝟐𝟒 𝟐𝟑
𝟓
𝟒𝟔
B-2. A rental agency has 12 white cars, 8
gray cars, 6 red cars, and 3 green cars for
rent. Mr. Duran rents a car, returns it because
the radio is broken, and gets another car.
What is the probability that Mr. Duran is
given a green car and then a gray car?
 𝟑 𝟖
∙
𝟐𝟗 𝟐𝟖
 𝟔
𝟐𝟎𝟑
B-3. A bag of jelly contains 10 red, 6
green, 7 yellow, and 5 orange jelly beans.
What is the probability of randomly
choosing a red jelly bean, replacing it,
and then randomly choosing an orange
jelly bean?
𝟏𝟎 𝟓
∙
𝟐𝟖 𝟐𝟖
𝟏𝟎 𝟓
∙
𝟐𝟖 𝟐𝟖
B-4. Mario has 5 blocks of different colors in a
bag. One block is red, one is yellow,
one is green, one is blue, and one is black. Mario
pulls out a block, looks at it,
and puts it back in the bag. If he does this twice,
what is the probability that
the 2 blocks selected are all of the same color?
𝟏
𝟓
B-5. A family has two children.
What is the probability that the
younger child is a girl, given that
at least one of the children is a
girl?
𝟐
𝟒 𝟐 𝟒
= ∙
𝟑 𝟒 𝟑
𝟒
𝟐
𝟑
B-6. At a basketball game, 80% of the
fans cheered for team A. In the same
crowd, 20% of the fans were waving
banners and cheering for team A. What is
the
probability that a fan waved a banner
given that the fan cheered for team A?
𝟐𝟎% 𝟏
=
𝟖𝟎 % 𝟒
25%