Plss[t zq'hLj Joj:yfkg (IPM)

• xf]dgfy nD;fn
• Afl/i7 s[lif clws[t
• lk Pd Pd\ lk, wflbª
 ;xL pQ/ lbg'xf];
uh'/ 5 d dlGb/ xf]Og
kv]6f 5 t/ d r/f xf]Og
k'R5/ 5 d jf+b/ xf]Og
jif{fdf d clt pkof]uL 5'

eg d sf] x'+ ?
ljiffbL k|of]u ljiffbL k|of]u kl5
k'j{
 IPM / Organic v]tLdf km/s

Organic - /f;folgs dn, ljiffbL cflb /lxt pTkfbg

s]lx vf; 7fpdf a9L d'Nosf jfnLx?df pko'Qm -
lrof,skmL, cn}+rL cflb_

IPM – l;kmfl/; dfqfsf] /f;folgs dn, ;'/lIft ljiffbL ;lxtsf]

pTkfbg
Joj;flos If]qdf pko'Qm -t/sf/L, kmnkm"n cGgjfnL cflb_
 Brief history of IPM
!(*( – OG8f]g]l;ofdf v]/f] km8\s] sL/f ljif krfO{ dxfdf/L
cfP kl5 FAO n] s[ifsnfO{ tflnd lbg k|of]u ul/Psf] Ps k2lt
To; kl5 ljZjsf c? b]zdf lj:tf/
@)%# – g]kfnsf] lrtjg nufot t/fO{sf lhNnfx?df wfgjfnLdf
v]/f] km8\s] sL/fsf] k|sf]k b]lvPsf] r}t] wfg jfnLdf 7"nf]
gf]S;fg ePsf] pQm sL/f Joj:yfg ug{ FAO jf6 lrtjgdf
Action Rsearch ul/Psf] / action research sf] glthf
;sf/fTds b]lvPsf]
!((& – @))$ ;Dd FAO sf] ;xof]udf k|fljlws tyf
s[ifsnfO{ IPM kf7zfnf ;+jGwL tflnd ;+rfng tyf lj:tf/
z'?'df FAO & Community IPM jf6 ;xof]u / kl5 ;/sf/sf]
lgoldt sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z
Plss[t zq'hLj Joj:yfkg==== (Integrated Pest management, IPM)

Plss[t – Ps jf Ps eGbf w]/} tl/sf

zq'hLj – lj?jfnfO{ xfgL ug]{ hLj -/f]u, sL/f,
emf/kft, r/f, d';f cflb_
Joj:yfkg– 36fpg] jf sd ug]{ jf eufpg] jf dfg]{
ljz]if Wofg
:j:yjfnL
Jfftfj/0f ;+/If0f
sd nfut
lbuf] pTkfbg
 Some words about IPM
• IPM is out of wall school

IPM is not for farmers, it's by farmers!

 Plss[t zq'hLj Joj:yfkg====
• Ps jf Ps eGbf w]/} tl/sf ckgfO{ jfnL lj?jfsf /f]u, sL/f, emf/kft,
r/f, d';f cflbnfO{ cfly{s ?kn] Gofof]lrt Pj+ kof{j/l0fo
b[li6sf]0fn] bLuf] ?kdf jfnL ;+/If0f ug]{ ljlwnfO{ Plss[t
zq'hLj Joj:yfkg (IPM) elgG5 .
•
• jfnL lj?jfsf] /f]u sL/f Joj:yfkg ug{sf] nflu of] Ps lsl;dsf] a[xt
kof{j/0f ;+jGwL Ps sfo{lbzf xf] . o;df /f]u sL/f Joj:yfkg ug{ ;
+ej eP ;Dd ;j} ljlwx? ckgfOG5 . of] Ps k|ljlw xf] h;df cfl{y{s
nfe k'Ug], jftfj/0fdf s'k|efj gkfg]{, / ;fdflhs
dfGotfnfO{ gvNaNofpg] lsl;dsf k|fljlws?sf] a'l4dtfsf ;fy
5gf}6 / ;dGjo u/L pkof]df NofOG5 . . g]kfndf ;g\ !(() df jf6 z'?
ePsf] xf] .
 p2]Zo

• :j:y jfnL pTkfbg ug]{

• ljifflbsf] gsf/fTds c;/jf/] hgr]tgf hufpg]
• ljifflbsf] vkt sd ug]{
• pTkfbg nfut 36fpg]
• jftfj/0f ;+/If0f ug]{
• pTkfbg a9fpg]
• cfDbfgL a9fpg]
• zzlQms/0f
 Plss[t zq'hLj Joj:yfkgsf l;4fGtx?

• :j:y jfnL pTkfbg

• lgoldt v]tjf/Lsf] /]vb]v
• ldq''hLjsf] ;+/If0f
• s[ifsnfO{ bIf jgfpg]
 
 zq'hLj Joj:yfkg ug]{ ljlwx?

• ef}lts tl/sf – tfkqmd, cfb|tf, xfjf

• oflGqs tl/sf – ;+sng, oGq k|of]u kf;f], jf6f] cj/f]w
• s[lifut tl/sf – uf]8d]n, l;+rfO{, 3'DtLjfnL, dnvfb
• /f]u tyf sL/f lg/f]ws hftsf] k|of]u
• h}ljs tl/sf – k/hLjL, lzsf/L sl/f tyf ;'IdhLjsf] k|of]u
• sfg"gL tl/sf – cGt/ lhNNff jf cGt/ b]z jLr lgoGq0f
• /f;folgs tl/sf – /f]u/, g'efg , j]leli6g cflb
• Plss[t tl/sf – dflysf Ps jf Ps eGbf a9L tl/sfsf] k|of]u
 
 zq'hLj Joj:yfkg ug]{ ljlwx? ====

Eff}lts tl/sf
Tffkqmd – sf]7fsf] tfkqmd %) l8u|L ;Dd a9fpg] / ) l8u|
L ;Dd 36fpg]
cfb|tf – lr:ofgsf] dfqf 36fP/ !@ % eGbf sd
xfjf – e08f/0f sf]7fdf cS;Lhgsf] dfqf 36fpg] /
sfj{g8fOcS;fO8sf] dfqf a9fpg]
oflGqs tl/sf
;+sng – Hand picking, collection by net
oGq k|of]u – Light trap, phromene trap, Lure, yellow
pan
jf6f] cj/f]w – netting, , trenching
 zq'hLj Joj:yfkg ug]{ ljlwx?==

s[lifut tl/sf
uf]8d]n, l;+rfO{, 3'DtLjfnL, dnvfb, ldl>t v]tL, l;+rfO{, l7s ;dodf
jfnL /f]Kg] tyf yGSofpg]

/f]u tyf sL/f cj/f]ws hftsf] k|of]u

Tolerance - /f]u tyf sL/f nfu] klg pTkfbg g36\g]
Resistance - /f]u tyf sL/f g} gnfUg]

h}ljs tl/sf
k/hLjL, - Ps dfq hLjdf cfl>t /xg] Tricogramma for rice borer
lzsf/L sl/f - /xg] vfgfsf] nflu Ps eGbf a9L hLjsf] lzsf/ ug]{
;'IdhLjsf] k|of]u - cf+vfn] b]Vg g;Sg] ;'Id hLjsf] k|of]u , BT, NPV
 
 zq'hLj Joj:yfkg ug]{ ljlwx? ===

• sfg"gL tl/sf – cGt/ lhNNff jf cGt/ b]z jLr lgoGq0f

Internal Quarentine
External Quarentine

• /f;folgs tl/sf – /f]u/, g'efg , j]leli6g, ;fOk/d]ly|g cflb

• Plss[t tl/sf – dflysf Ps jf Ps eGbf a9L tl/sfsf] k|of]u

 kmfObf

 :j:y jfnL pTkfbg tyf jftfj/0f d}qL

 /f]u sL/fsf] cj/f]ws Ifdtf ljsf; sd
 dflg;, hgfj/ / c? nfebfos j:t' k|lt sd c;/
 pRr:t/Lo cg';Gwfg / ljsf;
 bIf hgzlQmsf] ljsf;
 sd nfut tyf a9L cfocfh{g
 :yflgo ;|f]t tyf ;fwgsf] ;lx ;b'kof]]u
 lbuf] s[lif ljsf;
 r'gf}ltx?

• bIf hgzlQmsf] cefj

• ljZj;lgotf -Labelling &Tagging_
• emGeml6nf] k|of]u
• z'?df sd pTkfbg
• l;kmfl/; ul/Psf k|ljlwx?sf] jhf/df ckof{Kttf
• Jojl:yt jhf/ Joj:yfkg
• ;r]t pkef]Qmf
• jhf/ d"Nosf] ;'lgZrttf
 Zfq'hLj Joj:yfkgdf h}ljs ljwL / dxTj
jfnL lj?jfnfO{ b'Mv lbO{ u'0f:t/ ljufg]{ tyf pTkfbg 36fpg] hLjx?
nfO{ zq'hLj elgG5
oL hLjx?df xfgLs/s /f]u, sL/f, emf/kft, r/f, d';f, z+v]sL/f cflb
kb{5g\ .
.jfnL lj?jfnfO{ b'Mv lbO{ u'0f:t/ ljufg]{ tyf pTkfbg 36fpg]
zq'hLjx?nfO{ ldq'hLjsf] k|of]u u/L Joj:yfkg ug]{ tl/sfnfO{ h}ljs
ljlw elgG5
 ldq'hLjx?df kmfObfhgs /f]u, sL/f, emf/kft, r/f, hgfj/ cflb kb{5g\
jf s'g} zq'hLjsf] ;+Vofsf] 3gTjnfO{ sd ug{ k/hLjL sL/fx?, lzsf/L
sL/fx? / ;'IdhLjf0f'x?sf] cWoog / k|of]unfO{ h}ljs ljlw elgG5
 5f]6s/Ldf Ps hLjsf] k|of]u u/L jf]6 lj?jfnfO{ b'Mv lbg] csf]
{ hLjsf] lgoGq0f ug]{ ljlwnfO{ h}ljs ljlw elgG5 .
 h}ljs ljwL / dxTj=====
h}ljs tl/sfdf zq'hLjsf] /f]syfd ug{ k/hLjL sL/fx?, lzsf/L
sL/fx? / ;'IdhLjf0f'?sf] k|of]]u ul/G5
lzsf/L sL/f – h;n] cfkm' jf+Rgsf] nflu Ps eGbf a9L k|f0fLsf] lzsf/
ub{5 .
k/hLjL – h'g hLjn] cfkm' jf+Rgsf] nflu Pp6} k|f0fLdf e/ kb{5
;du|df kl/hLjL eGbf lzsf/L sL/fx? a9L nfebfos x'G5g\, lsgsL loglx?n]
w]/} xfgLsf/s sL/fx?nfO[ vfO{lbG5g\
;j} h;f] sL/fsf] zq'x? x'G5g\ h;n] sL/fsf] km}nfj6 / j[l4nfO{ l;ldt ub{5g\
h}ljs ljlw4f/f zq'hLjsf] Jo:yfkg k|fs[lts tyf s[lqd tl/sfjf6 ul/G5 . k|fs[lts
tl/sfdf k|s[lt cfkm}n] ul//x]sf] x'G5 eg] s[lqd tl/sfdf dflg;n] ljleGg tl/sf
ckgfO{ ul/G5
z'?df of] ljlw Tolt k|efjsf/L gePtf klg xfn cfP/ jftfj/0f k|b'if0fsf] ;d:of
cfP kl5 w]/} s[ifs tyf s[lif lj1x? o;tkm{
qm zq'hLj ldq'hLj s}lkmot
=;
+=
1 nfxL :qL :jefjsf vk6]
2 wfgsf] kt]/f] jf3] vk6]
3 ujf/f]sf] nfef{ 6«fOsf]u|fdf jf?nf
4 vk6]sf] nfef{, Metarhizium 9';L
v'd]|
5 vk6]sf] nfef{, Beauveria 9';L
v'd|]
6 nfxL, ;]tf] Verticellium 9';L
lem+uf
7 k'tnLsf] nfef{ B.T. JofS6]l/
of
8 k'tnL / vk6]sf] NPV efO/;
nfef{
11 Ufjf/f] vk6] cf+vfkmf]?jf ;j{eIfL
12 nfxL sfG5L cf}+n]
13 k'tnL ;d"xsf] nfef{, s]/flj8 lj6n
r';fxf / df6f]df j:g]
sL/fx?
14 89'jf, 6«fOsf]8df{ 9';L
j]gf{ s'lxg],h/f
s'lxg]
15 vk6]sf] nfef{ Steriner lgdf6]f8
g]df6f]8
16 wfgsf] d?jf, uf]ne] Pseudomonas JofS6]l/of
+8fsf] cf]Onfpg]
/f]u cflb
17 d';f lj/fnf] hgfj/
18 ;k{ u?8 df5f
kf]v/Lsf] ;
k{sf] nflu
English name ldq'hLj zq'hLj
Ladybird :qL :jefjsf vk6] - sTn], ldnLju,;]tf]
Beetle @, &, ( / !# lem+uf
yf]Kn]_
Praying cf+vfkmf]?jf w]/} xfgLsf/s
Mantid sL/fsf] lzsf/
Ladybird e]8]lnof s6gL s'zg sTn]
Beetle sL/f,
Red Ant /ftf] sldnf sL/fsf] nfe|],,
vk6] / r’;fxf
Hover Flies 3'dSs8 lem+Uff sTn], nfxL /
ldnLju
Dragon & ufOg] sL/f Nffdv'§] tyf cGo
Damsel fly sL/fsf] nfe|]
Ground Beetle hldgdf /xg] vk6] kmf}hL sL/f,
km]b sf6\g] sL/f /
z+v]sL/f
Rove Beetles lg?2]Zo e|d0f ;'n;'n] / lrKn]
Checkerred /+uLr+uL ;"tL{sf] kft vfg]
Beetles vk6] vk6], sf6 5]8\g]
vk6]sf] nfe|]
Fire flies h'gsL/L Zf+v]sL/f /
lrKn]sL/f
Assassin Bugs r';fxf sL/f ljleGg sL/f
Wasps Jff?nf k'tnLsf] nfe|]
Braconids dl;gf jf?nf Kff]yL jf?nfn]
k'tnL, vk6] lem+uf
cflbsf] nfe|]sf] zl//
leq jf jflx/ km'n kf/L
k/hLjLsf] sfd u5{
Ichneumonids ,, k'tnLsf] nfe|] / s/f}
+t] lemuf
Chalcids ,, k'tnL, nfxL,ldlnLju,
vk6] / lem+uf
 9';LhGo /f]u Joj:yfkgsf nflu h}ljs
Trichoderma viride gfds laiffbL
9';Lsf] kfgLdf ldl;g] w'nf]sf] ?kdf pknAw

gLk?6, lg;uf{ M h/f tyf

8fF7 s'lxg], g;{/Ldf km]b
s'lxg], w'n] 9';L, 89'jf, tyf
lzt] 9';L Joj:yfkgsf nflu
pkof]lu .
aLp pkrf/, pkrf/Lt sDkf]i6
tyf kfgLdf ld;fP/
5g{ pkof]lu .
 9';LhGo /f]u Joj:yfkgsf nflu h}ljs
Trichoderma harzianumlaiffbL
gfds 9';Lsf] kfgLdf ldl;g] w'nf]sf] ?kdf
pknAw
h/f tyf 8fF7 s'lxg], g;{/Ldf
km]b s'lxg], w'n] 9';L,
89'jf, tyf lzt] 9';L
Joj:yfkgsf nflu pkof]lu .
aLp pkrf/, pkrf/Lt sDkf]i6
tyf kfgLdf ld;fP/
5g{ pkof]lu .
 9';LhGo /f]u Joj:yfkgsf nflu h}ljs
Pseudomonas fluorescenslaiffbL
gfds JofS6]/LofhGo h}ljs laiffbL, kfgLdf
ld;Lg] w'nf]sf] ?kdf pknAw

afof] s]o/ aL M # u|fd k|lt ln6/

kfgLdf ld;fO{ 5g]{
kft tyf 8fF7 s'lxg], 89'jf, kft
yf]Kn], lzt] tyf w'n] 9'/L cflbsf]
Joj:yfkg df pkof]lu
 Verticilium lecani gfds 9';Lsf] kfgLdf ldl;g] w'nf]sf] ?kdf
pknAw

dN6LKn]S; el6{;LnLod M h/fdf ufF7f agfpg] nufotsf ljleGg

lgdf6f]8hGo /f]u Joj:yfkgsf nflu pkof]uL .
! lsnf] el6{l;nLoddf @) s]hLsf b/n] pkrf/Lt sDkf]i6 k|lt /f]kgLsf
b/n] k|of]u ug]{ .

Paecilomyces lilacinum gfds 9';L]] w'nf]sf] ?kdf pknAw

afof] g]df6f]g M h/fdf ufF7f agfpg] nufotsf ljleGg lgdf6f]8hGo

/f]u Joj:yfkgsf nflu pkof]uL .
@=% lsnf] afof] lgdf6f]g %)) s]hLsf b/n] pkrf/Lt sDkf]i6 k|lt
x]S6/sf b/n] k|of]u ug]{ .
afg:klts tyf cGo u}x|/;folgs kbfy{x?
 ;af]{ Pu|f] :k|] M 8fpgL ldN8o", kfp8/L ldN8\
o", 89'jf nufotsf ljleGg /f]ux? sf] Joj:yfkg
ug{ pkof]uL
 ;Nkm/ M kfgLdf ldl;g] w'nf]sf ?kdf
pknAw ;Nkm/ -;Nkm]S;_ # u|fd k|ltln6/ kfgLsf
b/n] ld;fP/ laleGg /f]u -8fpgL ldN8o", kfp8/L
ldN8\o"_ Joj:yfkg ug{ ;lsG5
 sk/cS;LSnf]/fO8 M # u|fd k|lt ln6/ kfgLsf b/n]
ld;fP/ ljleGg /f]u Joj:yfkgsf nflu k|of]u
ug{ ;lsg] .
 af]8f]{ ld>0f M lgnf]t'yf] !) u|fd, r'g !) u|fd / !
ln6/ kfgL ld;fP/ tof/ u/]sf] 9'l;gfzs laiffbLn]
laleGg afnLsf ljleGg /f]u Joj:Yffkgdf ;xof]uL
x'G5 .
 Sofnkmf]ldn M @ ld=nL= k|lt ln6/,
a]gf{ s'lxg], cf]Onfpg], 89'jf
 Sofn6d{M h/fdf ufF7f agfpg] h'sf M @)) u|fd
k|lt /f]kgL
 ;f]n/fOh]zg M #)) u]hsf] ;]tf] Knfli6sn] ! dlxgf
9fs]/ df6f] pkrf/ ug]{, g;{/Lsf nflu pko'Qm