SYLLABUS-UNIT-2

• Rolling contact Bearings: Ball

and Roller bearings- Static
load- Dynamic load-
Equivalent radial load-
Design and selection of Ball
&Roller Bearings.
 Rolling contact bearings
• Rolling contact bearings are also called anti -friction bearings or simply
ball bearings.
• Rolling elements, such as balls or rollers, are introduced between the
surfaces that are in relative motion.
• Sliding friction is replaced by rolling friction.
• Applications: Automobiles,Agriculture m/c,Fans ,Motors,M/ c
tools,Air-crafts.
 Types of Rolling contact Bearings
• Two types.
• Ball bearings & Roller bearings.
• Rolling elements are in the form of spherical
balls.
• Rolling elements are in the form of roller,
which may be cylindrical,conical,spherical or
needle form.
Ball and Roller Bearing Elements
 Rolling contact Bearing-Material
• Ball bearings (inner ring, outer ring &balls)High
carbon chromium steel-is through hardened to
Rockwell C 58-63.
• Factors to be considered: Space, type &amount of
load,Speed,alignment,Environmental conditions.
• Main components – Outer ring,Inner ring,Balls or
rollers, retainers.
• Material-Ballraces made of high carbon chromium
steel for high compressive strength.
• Cages- Seperators low carbon steel .
 Roller bearings-materials
• Rolling elements & races are subjected to high local stresses
of varying magnitude, therefore the material(steel) should
be of high quality. The balls are made of high carbon
chromium steel. Roller bearings are usually fabricated of
case hardened steels- hardened to Rockwell C 58-63.
• The balls are manufactured by hot forging on hammers from
steel rods. They are then heat-treated, ground &polished
• Ball separators(cages) made of low carbon steel.
• Seals of made of low carbon steel. Shields that are used to
retain grease and to prevent chips, dirt made of low .c.
steels.
 Types of Rolling contact Bearings
• Deep groove.
• Cylindrical roller.
• Angular contact.
• Self –aligning.
• Spherical roller.
• Taper roller bearing.
• Thrust ball bearing.
 Types of Roller Bearings
• Cylinder roller bearing –have shorter rollers guided in a cage.
Relatively rigid against radial motion. They have low
coefficient of friction. Used in high speed service.
• Spherical roller bearing: self –aligning bearing. Self –aligning
feature is achieved by grinding one of the races in the form
of sphere.it can tolerate angular mis alignment of +/_1
1/2deg.
• Needle roller bearing: relatively slender.used when heavy loads.
• Tapered roller bearing: the rollers and race ways are
truncated .capable of carrying both radial and thrust loads.
 Lubrication of Ball & Roller bearing

-The main purpose of lubrication is:

-To reduce friction &wear of the parts.
-To prevent rusting or corrosion of the bearing
surfaces.
-To protect the bearing surfaces from water &
dirt.
-To dissipate the heat.
Lubricating material for Ball & Roller
Bearings
Oil, light grease.

Pure mineral oil, Calcium –base Grease.

If moisture content, Potassium and Sodium

based grease used.
Advantage of grease is that it forms a seal
to keep out dirt or any foreign substance.
Classifications of Roller Bearings
Classification based on the nature of
loads
• Single row deep groove ball bearing-radial loads
&can carry thrust loads in either direction.
• Double row ball bearings-radial and angular
contact between the balls and races.
• Angular contact ball bearing-to resist combined
radial and thrust loads depending on contact
angle. Bearings having large contact angles can
support heavier thrust loads.
• Self-aligning ball bearing-
Standard designation of ball bearing
 Selection of Bearing size
• Criteria for selection :-
• load carrying Capacity
• Life
• Reliability the Bearing
Types of roller bearing
 Design terms of bearing
(C0):depends on bearing material, no .of
Static load rating

rows of rolling elements, bearing contact angle, ball

or roller diameter.
When the bearings are to rotate at very slow
speeds or to be stationary under load.
When heavy shock loads at short duration acting on
a rotating bearing.
Basic dynamic load rating(C): is used for dynamically stressed
bearings i.e a bearing which is rotating under load.
 Load rating of a bearing
• Basic Static load rating( ): is the load acting on a non- rotating bearing
under which a permanent deformation should appear in balls or race ways.
• Basic dynamic load rating(C): is the actual or real load acting on the rolling
contact bearing during running conditions.
• Equivalent load(P): defined as the constant stationary load which is applied
to a bearing with rotating inner ring & stationary outer ring would give the
same life as that which the bearing would attain under the actual condition
of load and rotation.
• P=(V. X. +Y. )S
• P=equivalent load, V=Race rotation factor,
• Fr=radial load, Fa= actual load,
• X=radial load factor ,Y=axial load factor,
• S=service factor.
 Life of the Rolling bearing
• The life of a rolling is defined as the number of revolutions
which the bearing is capable of enduring before the first
evidence of fatigue, i.e developed in the material of either rings
or rolling elements.
• The dynamic load carrying capacity recommended in
catalogues is based on life attained or exceed by 90% of
identical bearings under identical working conditions. This is
called normal or rated life.
• The rated life is based on 90% survival rate or 10% failure rate.
• To meet the requirements of manufactures ,they provide
reliability factors.
Reliability and load carrying capacity
 Selection procedure for rolling bearing

• Determine the radial and axial forces from the

working conditions.
• Select the type of bearing such as Ball or
Roller bearing etc. from load conditions.
• Calculate the working life of bearing.
• Find the dynamic load capacity ‘C’
• C = XP
• L=life in hrs*r.p.m*60/10^6