Conditional and Subjunctive Moods

IF YOU HAD A MILLION DOLLARS

WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
 Conditional talks what would happen
Conditional or what one would do in a certain
situation.
 ZERO CONDITIONAL

IF/ WHEN CONDITION + RESULT

PRESENT SIMPLE + PRESENT SIMPLE

If you leave ice in the sun, it melts.

Condition

Zero conditionals talk about things that are always true and do not
change. It refers to a general situation that always happens if a condition
is met.
 FIRST CONDITIONAL

A To talk about real and possible situations.

Can switch order

IF + SIMPLE PRESENT…, …SIMPLE FUTURE
OR
…IMPERATIVE

If the SoftBank Hawks win the game, I

Buy a sandwich if you’re hungry.
will celebrate all night.

SIMPLE FUTURE IMPERATIVE

 FIRST CONDITIONAL

To talk about real and possible situations using present perfect in if

B clause ,instead of present simple.

1 …SIMPLE FUTURE

IF + PRESENT PERFECT…, 2 …BE GOING TO

3 …PRESENT CONTINUOUS
 If I’ve finished reading the magazine before you leave, I will
1
borrow it to you!

2 If I’ve failed¹ my morning test again, I’m going to cry in

the toilet.

If you haven’t paid your school tuition yet, we are

3
kicking you out.

¹
Means you have already taken a test.
 SECOND CONDITIONAL

The second conditional is used to imagine present or future situations

A that are impossible or unlikely in reality.
Except verb 「 to be 」 ,
we use 「 were 」 instead
of 「 was 」 …WOULD/ COULD/ SHOULD
IF + PAST SIMPLE…, +

VERB (BARE FORM)

If I won a million dollars, I would buy a new house.

.
He could go to the concert if you gave him your ticket.
 SECOND CONDITIONAL

We don’t usually use if + …will in conditional sentences BUT we can

B use if + …will when we talk about a result of something.

Open a window if it will help you to sleep.

「 Helping you to sleep 」　 is a result of opening a window.

 THIRD CONDITIONAL

The third conditional is used to talk about lost opportunities or past

hypothetically.

…WOULD/ COULD

IF + PAST PERFECT…, +

PRESENT PERFECT

If I hadn’t studied Japanese, I wouldn’t have met my husband.

PAST PERFECT
PRESENT PERFECT
 SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD

The subjunctive mood is used in the English language to express

wishes, describe hypothetical situations, and outline conditional
events. In most cases, the subjunctive form of a verb is usually the
third-person form of the verb with the ‑s dropped , but the verb to
be is a special case. To be is always written as 「 were 」 .
Here’s an example of the subjunctive mood in action:

It is recommended that she prepare a short speech before the ceremony.

It is recommended that you prepare a short speech before the ceremony.

If I were you, I’d be careful. Hypothetical situation

If he were rich, he’d buy ten yachts. or a wish !

Sally wishes she were taller.

1.Do both conditionals and subjunctive mood overlap each other at some point?
Yes, they do. Both the second and third conditional overlap with the subjunctive mood and
its unreal state.

2.What is the difference between a second or third conditional and subjunctive mood?
While second and third conditionals are only capable of expressing unreal states in the
present and the past, respectively; the subjunctive can further express such things as a
wish, emotion, opinion, obligation, importance, and so on.
These descriptions can be a bit daunting to parse, so let’s make an example

•First Conditional
If we start now, we'll be on time.
•Second Conditional (also, subjunctive possibility)
If we were in a faster car, we would be on time.
•Third Conditional (also, subjunctive possibility)
If we had started earlier, we would have been on time.
•Subjunctive (importance)
It is a must that we make it on time.
•Subjunctive (wish)
I wish we had started already.