CHAPTER - 3

COORDINATE GEOMETRY
 Grid
 Grid
 A pattern of horizontal and

vertical lines, usually forming

squares.

 Coordinate grid
 A grid used to locate a point by its A
distances from 2 intersecting B
straight lines C
What are the D
coordinates
for the foot ball? E

1 2 3 4 5
 The Coordinate Plane
 In coordinate geometry, points are placed on the
"coordinate plane" as shown below.
 It has two scales:
 X axis – A horizontal number line on a coordinate grid.
 Y axis - A vertical number line on a coordinate grid.
y6
5
4
3
2
1
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
 Coordinates
 Coordinates
 An ordered pair of numbers that give the location of a
point on a grid.
6
5
4
(3,4)
3
2
1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
 How to Plot Ordered Pairs
 Step 1 – Always find the x value first, moving horizontally
either right (positive) or left (negative).
 Step 2 – Starting from your new position find the y value by
moving vertically either up (positive) or down (negative).
(3, 4)
y6 y6
5 5 (3, 4)
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
x x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Step 1 Step 2
 Four Quadrants of Coordinate Grid
Origin – The point where the axes cross is called
the origin and is where both x and y are zero.
On the x-axis, values to
the right are positive and
those to the left are
negative. 

On the y-axis, values

above the origin are
positive and those below
are negative.
 Four Quadrants of Coordinate Grid
 When the number lines are extended into the negative
number lines you add 3 more quadrants to the coordinate
grid. y 1st
Quadrant
3
2 Quadrant
nd

2
( -, +) (+ , +)
1

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
x
-1
( -, -) (+ , - )
-2
3rd Quadrant 4th
-3 Quadrant
 Four Quadrants
 The following relationship between the signs of the
coordinates of a point and the quadrant of a point in which
it lies.

1) If a point is in the 1st quadrant, then the point will be

in the form (+, +), since the 1st quadrant is enclosed
by the positive x - axis and the positive y- axis.

2) If a point is in the 2nd quadrant, then the point will

be in the form (–, +), since the 2nd quadrant is
enclosed by the negative x - axis and the positive y -
axis.
 Four Quadrants
3) If a point is in the 3rd quadrant, then the point will be
in the form (–, –), since the 3rd quadrant is enclosed
by the negative x - axis and the negative y – axis.

4) If a point is in the 4th quadrant, then the point will be

in the form (+, –), since the 4th quadrant is enclosed
by the positive x - axis and the negative y - axis
y
(–, +) (+, +)
II I
x
III IV (+, –)
(–, –)
 Coordinate Geometry
 A system of geometry where the position of points on
the plane is described using an ordered pair of numbers.

 The method of describing the location

of points in this way was proposed by the
French mathematician René Descartes .
 He proposed further that curves and lines
could be described by equations using this
technique, thus being the first to link René Déscartes (1596 -1650)
algebra and geometry. 
 In honor of his work, the coordinates of a point are often
referred to as its Cartesian coordinates, and the coordinate
plane as the Cartesian Coordinate Plane.
Exercise – 3.1
 HOME WORK

Exercise 3.2 Page: 60

1. Write the answer of each of the following
questions:
(i) What is the name of horizontal and the
vertical lines drawn to determine the
position of any point in the Cartesian plane?
(ii) What is the name of each part of the plane
formed by these two lines?
(iii) Write the name of the point where these
two lines intersect.