Contribution of Scientists,

Management Thinkers in Evolution

of Organizational Behavior

Name: Rohini Lokhande

Roll no: 70
 Elton Mayo
 George Elton Mayo was an Australian
born psychologist, industrial researcher,
and organizational theorist. 
 Mayo has been credited with making
significant contributions to a number of
disciplines, including business
management, industrial sociology,
philosophy, and social psychology. His
Elton Mayo
field research in industry had a 1880-1949
significant impact on industrial and
organizational psychology.
  According to Trahair, Mayo "is known for having established
the scientific study of what today is called organizational
behavior when he gave close attention to the human, social,
and political problems of industrial civilization." 
 Mayo's work helped to lay the foundation for the human
relations movement. He emphasized that alongside the formal
organization of an industrial workplace there exists an
informal organizational structure as well. 
 Mayo recognized the "inadequacies of existing scientific
management approaches" to industrial organizations, and
underlined the importance of relationships among people who
work for such organizations. 
 His ideas on group relations were advanced in his 1933
book The Human Problems of an Industrialized Civilization,
which was based partly on his Hawthorne research.
 Frederick W. Taylor
Frederick Winslow Taylor was
an American mechanical
engineer.
He was widely known for his
methods to improve industrial
efficiency. Frederick W. Taylor
He was one of the first 1856-1915
management consultants
 Taylor's scientific management consisted of four
principles:
 Replace rule-of-thumb work methods with methods based
on a scientific study of the tasks.
 Scientifically select, train, and develop each employee
rather than passively leaving them to train themselves.
 Provide "Detailed instruction and supervision of each
worker in the performance of that worker's discrete task“.
 Divide work nearly equally between managers and
workers, so that the managers apply scientific
management principles to planning the work and the
workers actually perform the tasks.
 Mary Parker Follett
 Mary Parker Follett was an American
social worker, management
consultant, philosopher and pioneer in
the fields of organizational theory and
organizational behavior.
 Along with Lillian Gilbreth, she was
Mary Parker
one of two great women management Follett
experts in the early days of classical 1868-1933
management theory.
 Along with Lillian Gilbreth, she was one of two great
women management experts in the early days of
classical management theory.
 Mary Parker Follett, American author and sociologist
who was a pioneer in the study of interpersonal
relations and personnel management.
 She recognized the holistic nature of community and
advanced the idea of "reciprocal relationships" in
understanding the dynamic aspects of the individual
in relationship to others. Follett advocated the
principle of what she termed "integration," or
noncoercive power-sharing based on the use of her
concept of "power with" rather than "power over."
 Hugo Münsterberg
 Hugo Münsterberg was a German-
American psychologist. He was
one of the pioneers in applied
psychology, extending his
research and theories to
Hugo
industrial/organizational, legal, Münsterberg
medical, clinical, educational and 1863-1916
business settings.
 Münsterberg's works Vocation and Learning (1912)
and Psychology and Industrial Efficiency (1913) are usually
considered the beginning of what would later become known
as industrial psychology.
 His books dealt with many topics including hiring workers
who had personalities and mental abilities best suited to
certain types of vocations as the best way to increase
motivation, performance, and retention, methods of increasing
work efficiency, and marketing and advertising techniques.
  His paper "Psychology and the Market" (1909) suggested that
psychology could be used in many different industrial
applications including management, vocational decisions,
advertising, job performance and employee motivation.
 Lillian Gilbreth
 Lillian Evelyn Moller Gilbreth was an
American psychologist, industrial
engineer, consultant, and educator who
was an early pioneer in applying
psychology to time-and-motion studies.
 She was described in the 1940s as "a
genius in the art of living.“
 Gilbreth, one of the first Lillian Gilbreth
female engineers to earn a Ph.D., is 1878-1972
considered to be the
first industrial/organizational
psychologist.
 She and her husband, Frank Bunker Gilbreth, were
efficiency experts who contributed to the study
of industrial engineering, especially in the areas
of motion study and human factors. 
 Cheaper by the Dozen (1948) and Belles on Their
Toes (1950), written by two of their children
(Ernestine and Frank Jr.) tell the story of their family
life and describe how time-and-motion studies were
applied to the organization and daily activities of their
large family. Both books were later made into feature
films.
THANK YOU