PHYSICAL THERAPY

TYPES, MEANS AND METHODS

 DEFINITION OF PHYSICAL THERAPY

 Physical therapy is a medical treatment used to restore functional movements, such as standing, walking and
moving different parts of the body parts. Physical therapy can be effective treatment for medical conditions
or injuries resulting in pain, movement dysfunction, or limited mobility. For example, if you like to run and
start having knee pain, a physical therapist can evaluate your movement and develop a treatment plan to
help you run pain free.
 Physical therapy can be both corrective and preventive. Physical therapists can correct
functional movement imbalances in clients with injuries or medical conditions, and they
can also implement techniques to prevent injury and improve performance

 Medical professionals known as physical therapists, physiotherapists, or PTs carry out this
treatment. These specialists educate, administer individualized treatments, and prescribe
exercise for each patient to improve mobility, strength, function.
TYPES OF PHYSICAL THERAPY

 Pediatric physical therapy

 Geriatric physical therapy
 Orthopedic physical therapy
 Cardiovascular and pulmonary physical therapy
 Vestibular rehabilitation
 Neurological physical therapy
PEDIATRIC PHYSICAL THERAPY

 This type of physical therapy focuses on the growth on the unique needs of infants, toddlers, children and
adolescents. Early detection is desirable when a child experiences problems that inhibit natural movement
and learning. Physical therapy is used for children suffering from diseases or injuries, including:
 Acute injury
 Birth defects
 Developmental defects
 Genetic disorders (e.g cerebral palsy)
 Head trauma
 Limb deficiencies
 Muscle diseases
 Orthopedic disabilities
 Physical rehabilitation use therapeutic exercises, modalities and treatments to help
children alleviate pain, regain strength and range of motion, master proper body
mechanics for balance and flexibility and improve gross and fine motor skill
GERIATRIC PHYSICAL THERAPY

 Geriatric physical therapy focuses on the unique movement needs of older adults. This includes treatment
for conditions such as arthritis, cancer, osteoporosis, Alzheimer’s disease, joint replacement and balance
disorders. The goal of geriatric physical therapy is to help restore mobility, reduce pain, accommodate
physical limitations and increase physical fitness.
 ORTHOPEDICPHYSICAL THERAPY

 Injuries can cause long-term damage to muscle strength, even after the injury heals. Atrophy from immobility after
surgery or even prolonged reduction of use of a muscle because of an old injury will often need special therapy to
regain the muscles former strength.
CARDIOVASCULAR AND PULMONARY TYPES OF PHYSICAL THERAPY

 A more rare type of therapy is cardio and pulmonary physical therapy. This type of
therapy benefits patients with severe heart or circulatory system problems.
 The goal is to increase the endurance of key muscles and to give the patient the ability to
be self-reliant in the future.
VESTIBULAR REHABILITATION

 This realm of therapy focuses on problems with the inner ear that can cause dizziness. One of the main causes of
this sudden dizziness is Benign paroxysmal vertigo (BPPV).
 Therapy entails strengthening muscles for increasing steadiness and balance training
NEUROLOGICAL PHYSICAL THERAPY

 Injuries or issues with the brain and/or spine may need neurological physical therapy.
 While these problems are not likely to heal all the way, physical therapy can improve the quality of living
for the patients in a big way.
MEANS OF PHYSICAL THERAPY

 -Gymnastic exercises
 - Idea motor exercises
 -Sports and applied exercises
 -Games as exercises
GYMNASTIC EXERCISES

 Gymnastic exercises: gymnastic exercises in physical therapy are classified into:

 Anatomically(for muscles of the head, neck, trunk, arms and legs)
 According to the activity of execution(active, active with help and effort, passive , active-
passive)
 According to the nature of exercises (respiratory, corrective, coordination of movements,
ordinal, preparatory etc.)
 According to the use of items and appliances (without, with them, on them.)
 It is a therapeutic treatment of certain diseases in patients by systematic exercise of the
locomotor system of the body.
 The exercises are adjusted according to the age, physical condition and suit everyone
regardless of their medical issue. Therapeutic gymnastics can be implemented in the
following ways: individual lesson, independent and group.
IDEA-MOTOR EXERCISES

 they are performed only in imagination and exercises in sending impulses to the
contracted muscles. Ideo-motor exercises with the correct application of them can
significantly increase the “muscle sensitivity”, working capacity and the ability to
perform complex exercises and actions.
 They are used mainly in hospital rehabilitation period for persons with paralysis and
paresis during immobilization, when the patient is not able to perform movements
actively
SPORT AND APPLIED EXERCISES

 these include walking, running, jumping, climbing, crawling, throwing elements and
holistic actions at home and at work; swimming, watercraft, cycling, skating, walks,
excursions, tourism. These sports-applied exercises are assigned mainly in the post-
hospital period in the II and III stages of rehabilitation, during the restoration of complex
motor skills, physical qualities and psycho-emotional state of patients; working out and
fixing of permanent compensations, general fitness of an organism. They can be a kind of
stage for further regular sports, including sport activities for disabled persons.
GAME EXERCISES

 gaming exercises are divided into on-the-go games, slow games, mobile and sport games.
They are aimed at improving coordination of movements, speed of motor reaction,
development of attention, distraction of the patient from thoughts about illness, increase
of emotional tone. On-site games and slow games are used in the introductory or final
part-sessions of the medical gymnastics, in the free motor regime, during the hospital
rehabilitation period. Moving and sport games can be part of a group exercise with a
therapeutic gymnastics or an independent form in post-hospital stages of rehabilitation
METHODS OF PHYSICAL THERAPY

 Morning hygienic gymnastics

 Therapeutic gymnastics
 Independent classes
 Therapeutic walking
 Health resort
 Sport exercises
 Exercise exercises
 Hydro-therapy
MORNING HYGIENIC GYMNASTICS

 Morning hygienic gymnastics is carried out after a night’s rest in tents, in the
gymnasium. In the post-hospital period of rehabilitation to spend it outdoors, with musical
accompaniment, combined with walks and water procedures. The main tasks of the
morning hygienic gymnastics are: revival of the body to the active state. The complexes
of morning hygienic gymnastics consist of general developmental exercises. It duration is
from 5 to 20 minutes.
THERAPEUTIC GYMNASTICS

 Therapeutic gymnastics the main form of exercise gymnastic. It solves the main tasks of
the therapeutic exercise of physical exercises. The complex of therapeutic exercises
includes general development and special exercises. Their correlation depends on the
nature of the disease or injury, the method of treatment, the clinical course of the disease
and the state of the patient, motor regimen and the period of exercise therapy, the stage of
rehabilitation
THERAPEUTIC WALKING

 It is used at a stationary stage of rehabilitation in the free motional mode, for restoration
of walking after injuries, diseases of the nervous system, for adaptation of the
cardiovascular and respiratory systems to physical activity; normalization of motor and
secretory function of the digestive system; metabolism and, in general, to restore the
functional state of the body after a long bed regime. Post-hospital stages of rehabilitation,
medical walking is used to gradually increase the level of physical efficiency, general
training of the body.
TERRAIN CLIMBING

 Terrain climbing is a climb in mountains or mountainous area, which is metered on

special routes
SPORT AND GAMES EXERCISES

 They are used in rehabilitation centers, sanatoria, and outpatient clinics in special
medical groups of educational institutions with the aim of improving coordination of
movements, physical qualities, professional skills, training of the body; increase of
general working capacity and psycho-emotional tone.
HYDRO-KINESIS THERAPY

 is the treatment of the movements in water, it is used in the form of gymnastics exercises,
stretching in water, posture correction, underwater massage, swimming, mechano-therapy
and games in the water
INDICATIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR
USING HYDRO-THERAPY

 Indications for using hydro-therapy are:

 Injuries and diseases of the nervous system
 Musculoskeletal system and their effects (paresis and paralysis, radiating pain syndromes, muscle atrophy, neurosis, contracture, adhesive disease, scapular scars, etc.)
 Abnormal posture
 Asthenic conditions
 Weak physical development
 Hypo-kinesis
 Diseases of the respiratory and cardiovascular system
 Diseases of the digestive system and metabolism etc.

 Contraindications include:
 Acute and chronic diseases of the skin, ears, eyes
 Open wounds
 Ulcers
 Incontinence of urine and feces
 Epilepsy
 Diseases of the peripheral nervous and cardiovascular systems in the phase of exacerbation
 Venereal diseases