MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY

Compare and describe the properties of

gases, liquids and solids in terms of
kinetic molecular theory and solve
problems involving gas laws.
OBJECTIVE:

1. Describe the relationship between the amount of

a gas and its volume and use this relationship in
calculation
2. Use the partial pressure to calculate the total
pressure of a mixture of gases.
3.Use the ideal gas law to solve for pressure,
volume, temperature or amount of gas when given
values for other properties.
Avogadro’s Law: Volume and Moles
Amedeo Avogadro in 1811 stated that the volume of gas is directly
related to the number of moles of a gas when the temperature and
pressure are not changed. This is called Avogadro’s Law. If the moles
of a gas are doubled, then the volume will double as long as the
pressure and temperature remain the same.

The mathematical equation is:

V1n2 = V2n1
A balloon containing 8.00 moles of helium has a volume of 780 mL.
What is the new volume after 4 more moles of helium are added to the
balloon at the same temperature and pressure?
 
The Ideal Gas Law
The calculation of moles is possible by modifying the combined gas law. You can understand
the modification by recognizing that the volume occupied by a gas at a specified temperature and
pressure must depend on the number of a gas particles. The number of moles of gas is directly
proportional to the number of particles. Hence, moles must be directly proportional to volume as
well. Therefore, you can introduce moles into the combined gas law by dividing each side by the
equation of n.
P1 X V1 = P2V2
T1X n1 T2 Xn2
This equation shows that (PXV) (T X n) is a constant. This constancy holds for what are called
ideal gas. A gas behaves ideally if it conforms to the gas laws.
If you could evaluate the constant (PXV) (T X n), you could then calculate the number of moles
of gas at any specified values of P, V, and T. This constant is symbolized as R.
The mathematical equation:
PV = nRT
Rearranging the equation for R :

R = PV/nRT
Find the volume of gas at STP in 2.3 atm and 0.8 moles.
 
Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure (John Dalton) : Total pressure = partial
pressures
of the component of gases
Gas pressure depends only on the number of gas particles in a given volume and on
their average kinetic energy- the kind of particle is inconsequential. Each particle
makes the same contribution to the pressure. Thus, the pressure exerted by each gas
in a mixture can add the individual pressure to get the total pressure.
The contribution each gas in a mixture makes to the total pressure is called the
partial pressure exerted by that gas. In a mixture of gases, the total pressure is the
sum of the partial pressure of gases.
 
The mathematical equation is:
PTotal = P1 P2 P3 …..
 

A steel cylinder contains a mixture of nitrogen gas at 410 torr, oxygen gas at 210
torr, and helium gas at 280 mmHg. What is the total pressure of the gas mixture?