UNDERSTANDING FINANCIAL

STATEMENTS

1
Finance - Prof. Roy Sembel, Ph.D
 Financial Statements
• Balanced Sheet / neraca
• Income Statement / laba-rugi
• Statement of Cash Flows/ Arus Kas

Laporan Keuangan adalah laporan yang terdiri dari

neraca, laporan laba rugi, laporan perubahan
ekuitas, laporan arus kas, dan catatan atas laporan
keuangan yang disusun, disajikan, dan
pengungkapannya sesuai dengan standar akuntansi
keuangan yang yang berlaku.
 Tujuan laporan keuangan
1. laporan
Memberikan informasi tentang posisi keuangan,
keuangananganTujuan
kinerja, dan arus kas perusahaan yang bermanfaat
bagi pengguna laporan dalam rangka membuat
laporanekonomi
keputusan-keputusan keuangan
2. Menunjukkan apa yang telah dilakukan manajemen
dan Pertanggung-jawaban (stewardship) sumber
daya yang dipercayakan padanya

•
 NERACA

Inv
AKTIVA PASIVA

est
Kas
Piutanga d Rp

o
1

rs
Inventory
JURNAL
BUKU BESAR
3 FA 2 D
Dividend

4 OA E Ret
7
Ear ained
nin
g
Total Aktiva = Total Pasiva
Laporan Rugi Laba
ne
iSales Laporan Arus Kas R.U.P.
op l Revenues
T (Operational Costs)
S

E.B.I.T CF in 6
“Fin Costs” ( I ) 5
E.B.T ( CF out ) Saldo Kas Akhir =
(T)
e Saldo Kas Awal + Net CF
lin Net CF
m E.A.T
tt o
Bo
 Balance Sheet
Assets Liabilities & Owners Equity

Current Assets Current Liabilities

Cash Accounts Payable
Marketable Securities Notes Payable
Accounts Receivable Accrued Salaries
Inventories
Long-Term Liabilities
Fixed Assets Mortgage Debt
Land Debentures
Plant & Equipment
less: depreciation Owners’ Equity
Common Stock (@ Par)
Other Assets Add’l Paid In Capital
Retained Earnings
Basic Financial Statements

Balance Sheet

Assets = Liabilities + Owner’s Equity

Current Assets Current Liabilities
Cash A/P
Inventory Accruals
A/R S-T Debt
Fixed Assets L-T Liabilities
Land Bonds
Plant L-T Bank Debt
Equipment Mortgages
Preferred Stock
Less:Depreciation
Common Stock
Other Assets Par Value
Paid-In Capital
6 Retained Earnings
 Income Statement

SALES
- Cost of Goods Sold
GROSS PROFIT
- Operating Expenses
OPERATING INCOME (EBIT)
- Interest Expense
EARNINGS BEFORE TAXES (EBT)
- Income Taxes
EARNINGS AFTER TAXES (EAT)
- Preferred Stock Dividends
- NET INCOME AVAILABLE
TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS

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Income Statement Laporan Laba-Rugi
SALES (NET REVENUES) PENJUALAN
- Cost of Goods Sold (Cost of Revenues) - Harga Pokok Penjualan
GROSS PROFIT
LABA KOTOR
- Operating Expenses
- Biaya operasional
OPERATING INCOME (EBIT)
- Interest Expense LABA OPERASI (EBIT)
EARNINGS BEFORE TAXES (EBT) - Biaya bunga
- Income Taxes LABA SEBELUM PAJAK (EBT)
EARNINGS AFTER TAXES (EAT)
- Pajak Penghasilan
NET INCOME
LABA SETELAH PAJAK (EAT)
LABA BERSIH

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Basic Financial Statements

• Income Statement

Revenues - Expenses = Net Income

Sales COGS
Investment Income Salaries
Gains Depreciation
Interest Received Taxes Retained
Dividend Other ExpensesDividends Earnings
Received Interest Paid

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 Income Statement
SALES
- Cost of Goods Sold
GROSS PROFIT
- Operating Expenses

OPERATING INCOME (EBIT)

- Interest Expense
EARNINGS BEFORE TAXES (EBT)
- Income Taxes
EARNINGS AFTER TAXES (EAT)
- Preferred Stock Dividends
- NET INCOME AVAILABLE
TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS
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 Income Statement

SALES
- Cost of Goods Sold
GROSS PROFIT
- Operating Expenses
OPERATING INCOME (EBIT)
- Interest Expense
EARNINGS BEFORE TAXES (EBT)
- Income Taxes
EARNINGS AFTER TAXES (EAT)
- Preferred Stock Dividends
- NET INCOME AVAILABLE
TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS

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 Sumber arus kas

Mic rosoft Offic e

Mic rosoft Offic e Pow erP oi nt 97-2003 Prese
PowerPoint 97- 2003 Prese

M ic rosoft Of fic e
Pow erPoint 97-2003 Prese
 Cash Flow Statement
Cash collected from customers
- Cash paid to suppliers
- Operating Cash Outflows (marketing,
administrative and interest payments)
- Cash Tax Payments
+/- Cash Flow from Investments acquired or sold
+ Receipts from new stock issue
+ Increased borrowing
- Repayment of debt principal
- Common Stock Dividend Payments
Cash Flow Generated
 Cash Flow Statement
Cash collected from customers
- Cash paid to suppliers
- Operating Cash Outflows (marketing,
administrative and interest payments)
- Cash Tax Payments
+/- Cash Flow from Investments acquired or sold
+ Receipts from new stock issue
+ Increased borrowing
- Repayment of debt principal
- Common Stock Dividend Payments
Cash Flow Generated
 Basic Financial Statements
• Statement of Cash Flows

Cash Inflow - Cash Outflow = Change in Cash

Cash Sales Payments to Suppliers
Collection of A/R Salaries
Investment Income Taxes
Sale of Securities Dividends
Sale of Assets Interest Paid
Repayment of Debt
Purchase Assets

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 MINI CASE

Prepare an income statement from the following data.

Sales $500,000
Cost of goods sold 200,000
Administrative expenses 100,000
Interest expense 50,000
The firm's tax rate is 3425
percent.
%
 Jawaban
Income Statement

Total operating revenues   $500,000

Less: Cost of goods sold $200,000  

Administrative expenses 100,000 300,000

Earnings before interest and taxes   $200,000

Less: Interest expense   50,000

Earnings before Taxes
  $150,000

Taxes (25%)   37,500

Net income   $112,500

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 Mini case
• Prepare December 31 Balance Sheet based on the following data:

Cash $4,000
Patents 82,000
A/P 6,000
A/R 8,000
Tax liabilities 2,000
Machine 34,000
Bonds 7,000
Accumulated RE 6,000
Additional Paid in Capital 19,000

Par value of common stock $100 / share

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 Jawaban
Balance sheet , December 31

Liabilities and Equity  

Assets   Current Liabilities  

Current Assets   Account Payables $ 6,000
Cash $ 4,000
Tax liabilities 2,000
Account Receivables 8,000
Total Current Liabilities $ 8,000
Total Current Assets $ 12,000
Fixed Asset   Long-term Liabilites  
Machine $ 34,000 Bonds $7,000
OA: Patentstents 82,000
Equity  
Total FA & OA $116,000
Total Assets Common stocks ($100 par) $ 88,000
  $128,000
Additional Paid in Capital 19,000
Retained Earning 6,000
Total Equity $113,000
Total Liabilities and Equity $128,000
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LEARNING LOG