INTRODUCCIÓN

CIED - INTEVEP

EJEMPLOS Y Modelo Geomecánico

CASOS HISTÓRICOS NORTE DE MONAGAS

Estabilidad de hoyo
Control de arena CEUTA-TOMOPORO
CEUTA-AREA 2 SUR

Estudio de Compactación
FPO : Bare / Cerro Negro Colapso de revestidores
BARUA-MOTATAN

Perforación cerca de balance Perforación bajo balance

DISTRITO ANACO TIA JUANA

TALLER DE GEOMECÁNICA PARA LÍDERES DE PERFORACIÓN

 ESTUDIO DE COMPACTACIÓN Y SUBSIDENCIA
CIED - INTEVEP

Esquema general
SUBSIDENCE

$
SUBSIDENCE

Oil $
$
CASING
INTEGRITY GOAL

COMPACTION

Oil

COMPACTION

TALLER DE GEOMECÁNICA PARA LÍDERES DE PERFORACIÓN

 ESTUDIO DE COMPACTACIÓN Y SUBSIDENCIA
CIED - INTEVEP

Esquema de interacción
 Flow increase
 Compaction
 Dilation
 Flow reduction  Gravity forces
 Pore collapse
 Wellbore instability  Arch effect

PRODUCTION COMPACTION SUBSIDENCE

 Plastic deformation  Loss of support capacity

 Compaction
 Dilation
 Pore collapse

TALLER DE GEOMECÁNICA PARA LÍDERES DE PERFORACIÓN

 ESTUDIO DE COMPACTACIÓN Y SUBSIDENCIA
CIED - INTEVEP

Esquema de análisis
STATISTICAL METHODS

PRODUCTION COMPACTION SUBSIDENCE

Interface
Reservoir Interface Geomechanical Geomechanical
modeling modeling modeling

  Compressibility  Uncoupled  Pore pressure  Boundary conditions

  Pore volume  Pseudo-coupled  Temperature  Rock Constitutive model
  Permeability  Coupled  In situ stress field  Numerical model
 Temperature  Rock Constitutive model
 Flow model  Numerical model
 Numerical model

TALLER DE GEOMECÁNICA PARA LÍDERES DE PERFORACIÓN

 ESTUDIO DE COMPACTACIÓN Y SUBSIDENCIA
CIED - INTEVEP

Modelaje numérico
MODEL / SIMULATOR

Compaction and Subsidence. Linear Statistical

 HUNDCALC Relationship. Mass Equilibrium.
Monophasic flow in porous media, considering
deformable solid matrix. Constitutive model based
 SUB3D upon multiple mechanism plasticity (kinematic non-
associative). FE.
Porous media flow with deformable solid matrix,
considering temperature effects. Constitutive model
 COMPAC based upon associative and isotropic plasticity
including Cap. BE.
Borehole stability pseudo-coupled to STARS. 2D/3D
 PGMECH Multiphasic flow, temperature effects. Elasticity and
Isotropic non-associative plasticity. Rowe dilatancy.
FE.
General purpose 2D/3D FE program for Geotechnical
 VISAGE Engineering. Two phase flow, temperature effects,
static and dynamic capabilities. Coupled solid-fluid
behavior, Strain softening/hardening, Elasticity and
Isotropic non-associative plasticity. Generalized
plasticity. Dilatancy.

TALLER DE GEOMECÁNICA PARA LÍDERES DE PERFORACIÓN

 ESTUDIO DE COMPACTACIÓN Y SUBSIDENCIA
CIED - INTEVEP

Limitaciones
Failure Mechanisms I Isotropic Model, Volumetric
Shear
Compressibility.
Stress
Shear Failure Cap II Anisotropic Model, Volumetric
Compressibility.
Unstable
III Pore Collapse III Anisotropic Model, shear effects,
Cohesive
Failure
dilation - non-associative plasticity.
Failure Stable
Depletion
Initial II
Condition Case histories analyzing SAGD have reported
Tensile production improvement as much as 20% to
Failure I Effective 30% as a result of permeability enhancement
Normal
Tension Compression Stress due to shear induced dilation.

* Modified from Halliburton-Conformance Technology Book

It is recommended to use non-associative plasticity models to reproduce the

appropriate dilation behavior. Additionally, it is necessary to take into
account the flow behavior with temperature and pressure, as well as the
effect of the over and under burden conditions.

TALLER DE GEOMECÁNICA PARA LÍDERES DE PERFORACIÓN

 ESTUDIO DE COMPACTACIÓN Y SUBSIDENCIA
CIED - INTEVEP

Roca consolidada Arena no consolidada

Physical properties:
 There is no physical bond between grain contacts
 No resistance to direct tensile stress

TALLER DE GEOMECÁNICA PARA LÍDERES DE PERFORACIÓN

 ESTUDIO DE COMPACTACIÓN Y SUBSIDENCIA
CIED - INTEVEP

Unconsolidated Formations - Lab requirements

COOLING PLUGS HANDLING

Frozen cores handling

Tests close to in situ
conditions (in situ oil, high pore
pressure)
Triaxial cell with tight control
on applied stress
Carefully measurement of
volumetric strain

TALLER DE GEOMECÁNICA PARA LÍDERES DE PERFORACIÓN

 ESTUDIO DE COMPACTACIÓN Y SUBSIDENCIA
CIED - INTEVEP

Unconsolidated Formations - Physical properties

Sand sampler  Very difficult to recover

(geotechnical undisturbed samples
applications. Univ.
Waterloo/ Solinst) (special samplers, frozen
cores)

TALLER DE GEOMECÁNICA PARA LÍDERES DE PERFORACIÓN

 ESTUDIO DE COMPACTACIÓN Y SUBSIDENCIA
CIED - INTEVEP

Unconsolidated Formations - Physical properties

 Dilation or compaction possible under pure shear

stress (as opposed to an elastic isotropic
material) -> no intrinsic compressibility

TALLER DE GEOMECÁNICA PARA LÍDERES DE PERFORACIÓN

 ESTUDIO DE COMPACTACIÓN Y SUBSIDENCIA
CIED - INTEVEP

Applications: Compaction. Calibration of the model

test vs. model test vs. model test vs. model
2200 5000 5500

2000 4500 5000

1800 4500
4000

1600 4000
3500

15p'(psi)
5p'(psi)

9p'(psi)
1400 3500
3000
1200 3000

1000 LM5 2500

LM9 2500 MM15
2000
800 2000

600 1500 1500

400 1000 1000

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16
5ep 9ep 15ep

Volumetric strain (p) Shear strain (q)

test vs. model test vs. model test vs. model
3000 4500 5000

4000 4500
2500
4000
3500

2000 3500
3000

15q'(psi)
5q'(psi)

9q'(psi)

3000
1500 2500
2500
2000
1000 2000

1500
1500
500
1000 1000

0 500 500
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16
5eq 9eq 15eq

If the material was elastic all lines would be identical

The model has limitations
TALLER DE GEOMECÁNICA PARA LÍDERES DE PERFORACIÓN
 ESTUDIO DE COMPACTACIÓN Y SUBSIDENCIA
CIED - INTEVEP

Application: Compaction in unconsolidated formations

Input data:
Geometry: 2D (cross section) rectangular
reservoir with one horizontal well
975 m

45 m

Material properties 300, 900 and 2700 m

Elastoplastic constitutive model for the sand
Perm=10 darcy , Porosity=.3 , Oil viscosity=2000 cp
One phase fluid with Cf=5.1 and 765*10-6psi
Flow boundary conditions:
No flow in the boundary of the reservoir
Imposed pressure drawdown in the well (50%)
TALLER DE GEOMECÁNICA PARA LÍDERES DE PERFORACIÓN
 ESTUDIO DE COMPACTACIÓN Y SUBSIDENCIA
CIED - INTEVEP

Application: Compaction in unconsolidated formations

L=300 m

Volumetric strain field

L=2700 m

300m

L=2700 m

Plastic state

L=300 m

TALLER DE GEOMECÁNICA PARA LÍDERES DE PERFORACIÓN

 ESTUDIO DE COMPACTACIÓN Y SUBSIDENCIA
CIED - INTEVEP

Applications: Compaction

L=300m

300m

L=2700m

Pore pressure field after 39 months

TALLER DE GEOMECÁNICA PARA LÍDERES DE PERFORACIÓN

 ESTUDIO DE COMPACTACIÓN Y SUBSIDENCIA
CIED - INTEVEP

Application: Compaction in unconsolidated formations

Equivalent compressibility (sip)
0.03
300 300

250
0.025
Oil-gas mixture

Comp (10e6*psi-1)
0.02

200200
volumetric strain

0.015

150
0.01 lm1, lm2
l1l2
0.005
100 100

0
50
mm, lm* mm

-0.005
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 oil
pp (MPa) 0 oil
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
2 4 6
pp (MPa)
8 10 12
pp (MPa)

TALLER DE GEOMECÁNICA PARA LÍDERES DE PERFORACIÓN

 ESTUDIO DE COMPACTACIÓN Y SUBSIDENCIA
CIED - INTEVEP

Geomechanical model

Oil production simulation

Impose a 50% pressure drop in 10 days
Total simulation time 5-10 years

Output
Reservoir pore volume change-> compaction recovery
Vertical displacement field
Equivalent compressibility

TALLER DE GEOMECÁNICA PARA LÍDERES DE PERFORACIÓN

 ESTUDIO DE COMPACTACIÓN Y SUBSIDENCIA
CIED - INTEVEP

Geomechanical model - ABAQUS

TALLER DE GEOMECÁNICA PARA LÍDERES DE PERFORACIÓN

 ESTUDIO DE COMPACTACIÓN Y SUBSIDENCIA
CIED - INTEVEP

Geomechanical model - ABAQUS

TALLER DE GEOMECÁNICA PARA LÍDERES DE PERFORACIÓN

 ESTUDIO DE COMPACTACIÓN Y SUBSIDENCIA
CIED - INTEVEP

TALLER DE GEOMECÁNICA PARA LÍDERES DE PERFORACIÓN

 ESTUDIO DE COMPACTACIÓN Y SUBSIDENCIA
CIED - INTEVEP

TALLER DE GEOMECÁNICA PARA LÍDERES DE PERFORACIÓN

 ESTUDIO DE COMPACTACIÓN Y SUBSIDENCIA
CIED - INTEVEP

TALLER DE GEOMECÁNICA PARA LÍDERES DE PERFORACIÓN