RAJIV GANDHI GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING

COLLEGE, NAGROTA BAGWAN

Seminar TOPIC-:
Remote sensing
Presented by-:
Aryan Katoch
Rishav Kaundal
Shivani Chaudhary Under the Guidance of-: Dr. Vicky
Kumar
 Introduction -:

Remote sensing is a technology of acquiring

information about earth surface without
actually being in contact with it. This is done
by recording reflection or emitted energy and
processing analysing that information. 
According to lillesand and kilfer-”the science
and art of obtaining an information about an
object, area, phenomena (earth surface)
through the analysis of data acquired  by
device that is not in direct contact with the
object, area, phenomena under the
investigation “.

Fig-:1 (Pintrest)
Basic working
Remote sensing process :7steps
1.Energy source.
2.Radiation in atmosphere.
3.Interaction with the target.
4.Recording of energy by sensors.
5.Transmission , reception and processing.
6.Interpretation and analysis.
B B 7.Application.

Fig-:2 ( study extend )

 Historical development
The history of remote sensing began with the invention of photograph.
The term photograph is derived from two words ‘phos’ means light and
‘graphy’ means writing.
In year 1038 AD - Al Hazen an Arabian mathematician explain the
principle of camera obscura to observe solar eclipse.

Fig-:3 (study extend)

History
After in year 1666 - Newton , while experimenting with a prism , found that when a white light
passes through prism then it splits into seven different colours.
In 1800 - Sir William Herschel measures the temperature of light splits with a prism into spectrum of
visible colours. He had discovered thermal infrared electromagnetic radiation.

Fig-:4 (Science fact) Fig-:5 (study extend)

History
In 1858 - gft nadar takes the 1st aerial photograph from a capative baloon
from an altitude of 1200 feets in paris.
In 1889 - Arthur Batut takes the 1st aerial photo by using kite in france.
In 1903 - Bp corps uses pigeon to transmit message and take aerial
photograph.

Fig-: 6 ( study extend) Fig-: 7(study extend) Fig-: 8(study extend)

 Segments
There are three major segments /components of remote sensing-
1. Platforms.
2. Sensors.
3. OrbitS.
 1.Remote sensing platforms
Platforms –A platform is carrier for remote sensors. There are 3 types of platforms in remote
sensing-
1. Ground based platform.
2. Airborne platform.
3. Spaceborne platform.

Fig-: 9(Gate research)

 2.Remote sensing sensors
Sensors –There are two types of sensors:
1. Passive sensors- They detect natural energy (radiation)
that is emitted or reflected by the object or scene
being observed. Reflected sunlight is most common
source of radiation measured by passive sensors.
2. Active sensors- Active sensors transmit their own
signal and measure the energy that is reflected and
transmit back or scatter back from the target. For
example radar sonar

Fig-: 10(Research gate)

3.Orbits
The path followed by the satellite is referred to as its orbit.
Orbit selection can vary in terms of altitude and their orientation and
rotation relative to the earth.
Type of orbits-
1. geo-stationary.
2. Polar orbits.
3. Sun-synchronous.

Fig -:11 (European space Agency) Fig -:12 (European space Agency)
Electromagnetic radiation (emr)

Fig-:13(Expil)
Electromagnetic spectrum
The Electromagnetic Spectrum. The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum is the range of all types of EM
radiation. Radiation is energy that travels and spreads out as it goes – the visible light that comes
from a lamp in your house and the radio waves that come from a radio station are two types of
electromagnetic radiation.

Fig-:14(ozone depletion)
 Remote sensing applications-
1. Agriculture-: 2. Forestry
Crop type classification. Forest cover
Mapping soil characteristics. Type of forest
Crop yield assessment. Forest fires

Fig-:15(Dragon fly) Fig-:16( Dragon fly)

3. Geology- 4. Hydrology-
Bedrock mapping Soil moisture estimation
Mineral exploration River and lake ice monitoring
Sedimentation mapping River/delta change detection

Fig-17(Dragon fly) Fig-:18(Dragon fly)

Sea ice( antartic)
Unlike the Arctic—an ocean basin surrounded by
land—the Antarctic is a large continent
surrounded by an ocean. Because of this
geography, sea ice has more room to expand in
the winter. But that ice also stretches into
warmer latitudes, leading to more melting in
summer. Antarctic sea ice peaks in September
(the end of Southern Hemisphere winter) and
usually retreats to a minimum in February.

Fig-:19( The New York times)

Doubts and
clarification
 Reference
Baojuan Zheng, James B Campbell, Kirsten M de Beurs
Remote Sensing of Environment 117, 177-183, 2012
Study extend
Thank you for being
part of our presentation