Methods of

Quantitative
Research
Designs
Owen Joveth C. Manrique
EXPERIMENTAL
DESIGN
EXPERIMENT
An operation or procedure carried out
under controlled conditions to discover an
unknown effect or law, to test or establish
a hypothesis, or to illustrate a known law
EXPERIMENTAL
DESIGN
• (also known as intervention studies or
group comparison studies) is a
procedure of quantitative research in
which the investigator determines
whether an activity or materials make a
difference in result for participants.

• It establishes the possible cause and

effect between the dependent and
independent variables
TYPES OF EXPERIMENTAL
DESIGNS
1. Between-Group Designs (Two or more
groups are compared)
• TRUE EXPERIMENTS- assign the
control group and the experimental
group
• QUASI-EXPERIMENTS- use the
existing intact group
2.Within-Group or individual Designs
( Limited participants and not possible to
create more than one group)

• TIME SERIES-studying one group

overtime with multiple pre-test and
post-test measures or observations
made by the researcher.
• REPEATED MEASURES- all participants
in a single group participate in all
experimental treatments with each group
becoming its own control

• SINGLE –SUBJECT DESIGN- involves the

study of single individuals, their observation
over a baseline period, and the
administration of an intervention.
STEPS IN CONDUCTING AN
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
1. Decide if an experiment addresses your
research problem
2. Form hypotheses to test cause-and-effect
relationships
3. Select an experimental unit and identify
study participants
4. Select an experimental treatment and
introduce it
5. Choose a type of experimental design

6. Conduct experiment

7. Organize and analyze the data

8. Develop an experimental research report

CONTENT
ANALYSIS
What is content analysis
used for?
• Researchers use content analysis to find
out about the purposes, messages, and
effects of communication content.
• They can also make inferences about the
producers and audience of the texts they
analyze.
 What is content analysis
used for?

• Content analysis can be

used to quantify the
occurrence of certain words,
phrases, subjects or
concepts in a set of
historical or contemporary
texts.
Quantitative content analysis
example
• To research the importance of
employment issues in political
campaigns, you could analyze
campaign speeches for the
frequency of terms such as
unemployment, jobs, and work and
use statistical analysis to find
differences over time or between
candidates.
 ✓ UNOBTRUSIVE
DATA COLLECTION

You can analyze

communication and
ADVANTAGE social interaction
S OF
without the direct
CONTENT
analysis involvement of
participants, so your
presence as a researcher
doesn't influence the
results.
 ✓ TRANSPARENT
AND REPLICABLE
When done well,
ADVANTAGE content analysis
S OF follows a systematic
CONTENT procedure that can
analysis easily be replicated by
other researchers,
yielding results with
high reliability.
 ✓ HIGHLY
FLEXIBLE
You can conduct
ADVANTAGE content analysis at any
S OF
time, in any location,
CONTENT
and at low cost - all you
analysis
need is access to the
appropriate sources.
 ✓ REDUCTIVE

Focusing on words or
phrases in isolation DISADVANTAGE
can sometimes be S OF CONTENT
overly reductive, analysis
disregarding context,
nuance, and
ambiguous meanings.
 ✓ SUBJECTIVE

Content analysis almost

always involves some
level of subjective DISADVANTAGE
interpretation, which S OF CONTENT
can affect the reliability analysis
and validity of the
results and conclusions.
✓ TIME INTENSIVE

Manually coding large DISADVANTAGE

volumes of text is S OF CONTENT
extremely time- analysis
consuming, and it can
be difficult to automate
effectively.
THANK YOU