19 Century

th

Philippines
As Rizal’s Context
(1800-1899)
 Spain and the Philippines in Rizal’s
Time
-Spanish rule was imposed in the
Philippines by conquest
-colonized for 333 years
-used two strategies
1.Evangelization
2. Colonization
 Miguel Lopez de Legazpi

-established the first Spanish

settlement in 1565 in CEBU
-first GOVERNOR-GENERAL
-before the conquest, the Filipinos
had their own indigenous culture
and their own government, the
BARANGAY

-headed by a
native chieftain
called DATU
POLITICAL CONDITION
The Spanish colonial government in the
Philippines ran indirectly through the
viceroy of the Spain in Mexico
The term derives from the Latin prefix
“vice”, meaning "in the place of"
- the Anglo-Norman
“roy”, meaning "king"
 SYSTEM of GOVERNMENT

National Barrio
Government Government

Provincial Municipal
Government Government
 SYSTEM of GOVERNMENT
GOVERNOR GENERAL
National
 he is the chief executive in the whole archipelago
Government  he is the head of state and church
 he is the commander-in-chief of the military
 He had the power of cumplace

VISITADOR
 Visited the country to check the administration of the
Governor-General

RESIDENCIA
 Lived in the Philippines to observe the Governor-General
 SYSTEM of GOVERNMENT

ALCALDE MAYOR
Provincial  The head in the provincial level
Government  he had the power and responsibilities like the Governor
General but its power was limited in the province
 SYSTEM of GOVERNMENT

GOBERNADORCILLO
Municipal  His power and responsibilities was the same as the Governor
Government General, however, his power was limited only in the town or
pueblo
 he also had the power of Indulto de Comercio or the power
of the Gobernadorcillo to engage into trading
 SYSTEM of GOVERNMENT

CABEZA de BARANGAY
 He is the head of barangay
BARRIO
Government  the Filipino was allowed to assume the
position of Gobernadorcillo and Cabeza de
Barangay only and only given to a Filipino
male, 23 years old, educated and had a
property of 500 pesos
 SYSTEM of GOVERNMENT

CABEZA de BARANGAY
 He is the head of barangay
BARRIO
Government  the Filipino was allowed to assume the
position of Gobernadorcillo and Cabeza de
Barangay only and only given to a Filipino
male, 23 years old, educated and had a
property of 500 pesos
ACTIVITY!!!!
The Supremacy of the
Friars Over Colonial
Government
-the different religious orders had the great
contribution in the establishment of Spanish
Colonial government in the country

-the regular priests (SPANISH priests) were

able to dominate the control in different
parishes and had the power to get the
parishes from the secular (Filipino priests
 ABUSES OF THE SPANISH
GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS
-the excessive powers and privileges of
the governor general made him weak
and undisciplined

-the provincial government where the

alcalde mayor was the administrator,
judge, military commander was the most
corrupt branch of the government
  CORRUPT SPANISH
GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS
-the colonial officials were highly corrupt ,
incompetent and cruel
  CORRUPT SPANISH
GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS
GENERAL RAFAEL de IZQUIERDO (1871-1873)

-a boastful and ruthless governor

general, aroused the anger of the
Filipinos by executing the Fathers
Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto
Zamora, the Martyrs of 1872
  CORRUPT SPANISH
GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS
ADMIRAL JOSE MALCAMPO (1874-1877)

-a good Moro fighter but was

inept and weak administrator
  CORRUPT SPANISH
GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS
GENERAL FERNANDO PRIMO de RIVERA

-a governor general for two

terms
-enriched himself by accepting
bribes from gambling casinos in
Manila which he scandalously
permitted to operate
  CORRUPT SPANISH
GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS
GENERAL VALERIANO WEYLER 1888-1891

-a cruel and corrupt governor

general of Hispanic-German
ancestry, arrived in Manila a
poor man and returned to
Spain a millionaire
  CORRUPT SPANISH
GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS
GENERAL VALERIANO WEYLER 1888-1891

-a cruel and corrupt governor general of

Hispanic-German ancestry, arrived in Manila a
poor man and returned to Spain a millionaire
-Filipinos called him “tryant”
-Cubans cursed him as “The Butcher”
  CORRUPT SPANISH
GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS
GENERAL CAMILO de POLAVIEJA 1896-1897

-an able militarist but heartless governor

general, was widely detested by the Filipino
people for executing Dr.Jose Rizal
SOCIO-
CULTURAL
Condition
The Spaniards imposed
new social
stratification which
discriminate the
natives in their own
land
 -the highest class, Spanish
born in Spain and live in the
Philippines
Peninsulares

-Spanish born in the Philippines

Insulares
-they are the mix
Illustrado- the well
blood or combination
educated Filipino
of Spanish and Creoles Principalia- land owners
Filipino

Indios

-the unfortunate and

discriminated class in the society
Frailocracy/Secularization
of Filipino Priests
 Frailocracy
-frailocracia
-Spanish political philosophy of
union of Church and states
-deeply rooted in selfishness, pride
and dominant
 The friars (Augustinians,
Dominicans and Franciscans)
-controlled the religious and
educational life of the Philippines
-they acquire tremendous political
power, influences and riches
Educational System during the
Spanish Regime
 The religion is still the center of
the educational system imposed
by the Spaniards
 Girls and boys have separate
schools and they also have
different curriculums
FOR MALE in Secondary
education:

1. Colegio Maximo
de San Ignacio-1589
FOR MALE in Secondary
education:

2. College of
San Idelfonso-
1599
FOR MALE in Secondary
education:

3. Ateneo de
Municipal -
1817
The Curriculum for MALE
includes:
• Spanish history
• Latin
• Philosophy
• Canon
• Civil law
• Rhetoric
FOR FEMALE in Secondary
education:

1. Colegios of Santa
Potenciana 1591
FOR FEMALE in Secondary
education:
2. Sta. Isabel -
1632
FOR FEMALE in Secondary
education:

3. Sta. Rita
College-1719
 FOR FEMALE in Secondary
education:
4. Sta. Catalina
de Sana -1696
 FOR FEMALE in Secondary
education:
5. Colegio de la
Inmculada
Concepcion
Concordia -
1868
The Curriculum for FEMALE
includes:
• Rules of Courtesy
• Vocal Music
• Language
• Sewing
 The educational system is also
used to pacify the Filipinos and
train them in Catholicism and to
follow laws imposed by the
Spaniards
The students were taught in the
native dialects although there
was a law requiring the children
to be taught in Spanish
Religion was the most important
subject
Religion was the most important
subject