BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY

EiTEX
Design of Experiments and Analytical
Techniques
Assignment-2
Optimizing Colour Strength of Half-Bleached
Fabric Using Central Composite Design
Prepared By: Tewodros Birhan
MSc. in Textile Technology
Submitted to: Million A. (Asst. Prof.)
Feb, 2023
 Contents
 Introduction
 Objective
 Methodology
 Choice of factor levels
 The Hypothesis
 Selection of the Experimental Design
 Analysis
 Conclusions
 References
Steps Tasks to be performed

1 Problem Identification

2 Selection of Response Variable

3 The
Selection of factors

4 Selection of experimental Design

Analysis
5
6 Optimization
 Introduction
 The colour strength of a dye is a measure of its ability to
impart color to other materials.

 The colour strength of a dyed fabric is measured by using

 spectrophotometer. Absorption co-efficient(K) and
scattering coefficient(S) and their ratio K/S is a measure of
color strength.

 Colour strength (K/S) is most important parameter to test

the quality measurement of a sample in terms of depth of
the color dyed fabric.
 Used bi-functional reactive dye for this investigation.
 Typical dyeing cycle for bi-functional
reactive dye

Salt : for exhaustion

NaCO3 : for fixation

MLR 1:20
weight of Half-bleached fabric = 5g

Dye concentration = 2 % of original weight of fabric = 0.1g

 Objective

 To optimize the Colour Strength

of the Half-bleached fabric.
 Methodology

Selection of Response and Factors

Response / Dependant Variable

1) Colour Strength

Factors / Independent Variables

1) Dyeing Temperature
2) Dyeing Time
3) Salt Concentration
 Choice of factor levels

Factors Low Level High Level

Dyeing 60 80
Temperature (°C)
Dyeing Time (min) 50 70

Salt Concentration 15 20
(g/L)
 The Hypothesis

Null Hypothesis Ho

 Dyeing Temperature has no effect on colour strength

 Dyeing Time has no effect on colour strength

 Salt Concentration has no effect on colour strength

 Alternate Hypothesis Ha

 Dyeing Temperature has an increasing effect on colour

strength
 Dyeing Time has an increasing effect on colour strength

 Salt Concentration has an increasing effect on colour

strength
 Selection of The
Experimental Design
 For the sake of Suitability and Accuracy, Central
Composite Design (CCD) is used to model Three
independent variables and One dependent variable.
 Design Expert (13) software used. 

 In Central Composite Design the number of experiments

tends to be

2K + Center point + axial point

Analysis
 ANOVA

For factors to be
significant
P < 0.05
A = 0.0002
B = 0.0008
C = 0.0492
Non-Significant Lack of Fit is recommended
Fit Statistics
3D - Surface
Actual Vs Predicted
Interaction
Interaction
 Regression Model
 Colour Strength = 90.12418+
1.57487A + 0.305109B + 2.71282C
+0.4805AB + 4.2723AC + 0.8277BC

Where A - Dyeing Temperature

B - Dyeing Time
C - Salt Concentration

 The interaction effects are more significant relative to

the main effects.
 Conclusions
 Color strength of a fabric can be affected by changes
in dyeing parameters. So dyeing parameters must be
chosen correctly in order to achieve better color
strength and optimum results.

 ANOVA result showed that Colour Strength is

affected by Dyeing Temperature, Dyeing Time and
Amount of Salt concentration.
 R2 equal to 88.3%. This means that the independent
variables explains the response by this amount.
 The highest colour strength K/S-value is obtained at
run 15 in which dyeing temperature, dyeing time ,
and amount of salt concentration respectively
(86.8179, 60, 17.5)
Optimum Operating Condition (Desirable)
 References

1. Arthur D Broadbent (2001), Basic principles of Textile

Coloration, Society of Dyers and Colourists, Thanet Press Ltd,
Kent.
2. Fang, L.; Zhang, X.; Sun, D. Chemical modification of cotton
fabrics for improving utilization of reactive dyes. Carbohydr.
Polym. 2013, 91, 363–369.
3. Ingamells, “Colour for textiles: a user’s handbook”, Society of
Dyers and Colourists, Bradford, UK, pp.27-43, 1993.
4. E. R. Trotman, “Dyeing and Chemical Technology of Textile
Fibres”, John Wiley & Son, New York, USA, pp.447-469, 1984.
5. A. D. Broadbent, “Basic Principles of Textile Coloration”,
Society of Dyers and Colourists, Sherbrooke, Canada, pp.333-
338, 2001.
 Than
k You
!

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