Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1
1
1
Old
Danish
• Gothic
• Burgundian
• Vandalic
1. Early OE period
Pre-historic or Pre-written
c. 450 – c. 700
2. OE period
Written OE
c. 700 – 1066
1. Early ME
1066 – c. 1350
2. ME
Classical ME
c. 1350 – 1475
• a genuine Old Germanic
language
• The rate of linguistic changes –
relatively stable with few and
slow changes especially at the
beginning
• mostly words of Germanic origin
• very few borrowings from Latin
and Celtic
a typical Germanic stress
fixed on the root syllable
• The OE sound system was close
to that of Common Germanic
and the Old Germanic dialects
• Some vowels and consonants
resulted from independent and
assimilative changes of the
Prehistoric period
a period of full endings
H. Sweet
a synthetic
(highly inflected) language
an analytical language
a period of levelled endings
H. Sweet
formation of the English
national and literary language
codification of the norm in
grammar, spelling and
pronunciation
Geographical expansion of English
overseas and contacts with other
countries
many borrowings into English
from European languages and those
of Middle and East Asia, Africa,
America and Australia
Important phonetic changes
contributed to the
accomplishment of the
Modern English phonetic
system.
a period of lost endings
H. Sweet