OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

AND
SAFETY – I

OHES 4411
Spring 2023
Protection Methods for Occ. Accidents & Diseases

Asst. Prof. Selden CEPNİ

From Last Week
 The definition of occupational accident is stated in
social insurance and general health insurance law.

  In this definition;
• At the insured's place of work,
• Due to the work being carried out by the employer,
• Due to the fact that the insurer is dispatched by the employer to the job
elsewhere,
• At times when the pacified insured woman is leaving to give her child milk,
• If the insured is insured during the course of collecting and transporting the
insured person in a vehicle where the insured person is employed and the
insured person is immediately or permanently bodily or socially disrupted.
 Near Miss& Accident

Zero Cost Learning Tool

Accident notification system

Definition :If the conditions were

appropiate, there could have been an
accident and chain of events.
Or in brief the event or insecurity that
could lead to injury or damage.
Occupational Diseases

According to the nature of the insured's

work,for a repetitive reason or due to the
working conditions,
temporary or permanent illness, disability and is
defined as a state of mental malfunction
 Liability Timeline
• The maximum time that the occupational disease
can occur after the worker left her/his job
which may caused the disease.

Exposure Time

• The minimum time needed after coming

across with the hazardous factor, for the
symptons to ocur.
 ILO Occupational Disease List
1. Occupational diseases that occur with agents (physical, chemical,
biological)
2. Target organs and systems of occupational diseases (respiratory, skin,
musculoskeletal),
3. Occupational cancers
4. Thoughts and behavioral disorders
 Classification of Occupational Diseases
according to Health Ministry

Group A: Occupational diseases with chemical substances,

Group B: Occupational skin diseases,
Group C: Pneumoconiosis and other occupational respiratory system
diseases,
Group D: Occupational infectious diseases,
Group E: Occupational diseases with physical factors
Prevention Methods
Preventing Occupational Accidents
1. Remove unsafe conditions from the enviroment
2. To prevent dangerous behaviours
Preventing Occupational Accidents

A-Remove unsafe conditions from the enviroment

1- Using protecting for machines

2- To have railing on dangerous areas
3-Personal protective use
4-Move to automation
5-To have risk analysis
6-Early warning system
7-Ergonomics and thermal comfort conditions
9-Take measures against other risks (fire, explosion, electricity…
etc.)
Unsafe Conditions
Unsafe Conditions
Preventing Occupational Accidents

B-To avoid hazardous bevahiour

a) Education
b) Control and Audit
c) Providing correct and safe working habits
Hazardous Behaviours
Hazardous Behaviours
Hazardous Behaviours
Prevention Methods from Occupational Diseases
A) Medical Methods;
1. Medical examinations
2. Health education
3. First aid

B) Technical Methods;

4. Environmental Controls
5. Substitution
6. Separation
7. Close - System
8. Ventilation
9. Application of wet system
10.PPE
1.Environmental Control
• Threshold Limit Value
• They are considered to be
not harmful to the health of
all workers when they are
present in the workplace and
are exposed to working time
of 8 hours a day or 40 hours
a week.
• Mmeasurements that are
made at different times,
their average values must not
exceed the specified limit
value.
• Maximum permissible
concentration
• It is the highest concentration at
which the atmosphere pollutants are
considered to have no effect on the
health of long-term workers by
exposure to 8 hours a day.
• This value is used for substances with
acute toxic effects. These values
should not be exceeded at any time
of the working day.
2. Substitution

In industrial processes, substances which are

harmful to health, can be replacement with non-
dangerous operations ( machine, substance…etc) on
behalf of dangerous operations ( machine,
substance…etc).

• Benzene vs. toluene

• Methyl alcohol vs. ethyl alcohol
3. Separation

Keeping a workplace from a harmful agent or a

possible danger

• Explosive substances, radiation

• By having a distance or wall or any other
possible operation.
4. Close – System

• Close system is the protection of the

surrounding air from toxic material
by physically separating the toxic
material or the harmful process from
the working environment.

• Oil rafinery, chemical industry...

5. Ventilation

• Made for two reason ;

• To protect the working
environment from extreme heat,
cold, dryness and humidity

• To prevent workers from inhaling

the harmful substances resulting
from the operations.

• Local aspiration
• General ventilation
 6. Wet System

• As a result of the work done, it is

Spray nozzles for dust supression
the method used to prevent the
workplace air from staying in the
dust or getting into the dust by
using the water.

• Destroying the dust by spraying water

to environment.

• Materials used in the industry can be in

the form of dust these materials can
also be used in the form of dough.
7. Personel
Protective
Equipments
Next week quiz