Thermal Power Plant

By,
Komal Khemchand Barhate
contents
Importance of electricity in our day to day
life.
List of TPS in state and country.
Site Selection For Thermal Power Station.
Block Diagram Of Thermal Power Plant.
Operation Of Different Components Of
Thermal Power Plant.
Advantages & Disadvantages Of the
Thermal Power Plant
 -: Importance Of Electricity In Our
Day To Day Life :-
Electricity is one of the most important blessings
that science has given to mankind. It has also become a part of
modern life and one cannot think of a world without it.
Electricity has many uses in our day to day life. It is used for
lighting rooms, working fans and domestic appliances like
using electric stoves, A/C and more. All these provide comfort
to people. In factories, large machines are worked with the
help of electricity. Essential items like food, cloth, paper and
many other things are the product of electricity.
-: List Of TPS In State & Country :-
Sr. No. Place Number Rating In Installed Capacity
Of Units MW (MW)
1. Bhusawal:
Stage-1 1 62.5
Stage-2 1 210 482.5
Stage-3 1 210
2. Koradi:
Stage-1 to 4 4 120
Stage-5 1 200 1100
Stage-6 to 7 210
2

3. Chandrapur:
Stage-1 to 4 4 210
Stage-5 1 500 1840
Stage-6 1 500

4. Trombay:
Stage-1 to 3 3 62.5
Stage-4 1 150 1212.5
Stage-5 1 500
Stage-6 500
-: SITE SELECTION FOR THERMAL
POWER STATION :-
1.Availability Of Coal
The huge amount of coal is required for generation of
electricity. The thermal power plant of 400 MW capacity requires
5000 to 6000 tons of coal per day. Therefore , plant should be
located near to coal mines to minimize transportation facility.

2.Availabity Of Water
It is the secondary requirement of thermal power
station. It is use for two purpose , firstly for conversion into stem
for steam turbine and secondly for condenser . Hence ,such plant
should be located near the river or lake.

3.Ash Disposal Facility

ash produced after burning of coal is about 23% to 40%
of weight of coal i.e. 1500 to 2000 ton per day . thus it is become a
more serious problem as it comes out in hot condition and is highly
corrosive . the ash is used for many industrial process like cement,
bricks ,etc. . therefore disposal problem is not arise.
4.Space Requirement
The space required for TPS is quite large
(3 to 5 acres per MW) for plant equipment , coal storage,
ash ,disposal, staff colony etc. the land available for
power plant must be available at low cost also and it
should have sufficient bearing capacity to withstand the
load of machinery.

5.Transportation Facilities
power station should have the
transportation facility such as road and railway for
transportation of material and machinery.

6.Away From Populated Area

Thermal Power Plant Produces smoke
and fumes by burning of huge amount of the coal. This
pollutes the atmosphere. Hence plant should be located
at considerable distance from populated area.
7.Near To The Load Center
Power Station should be located near to load center to
minimize the transmission cost of electrical energy. the
basic requirement of TPS is the coal . there are many
coal mines in “Vidharbha , Marathwada and
Khandesh.”
Block Diagram Of Thermal Power Plant
Operation Of Different Components Of
Thermal Power Plant
1.Coal And Ash Handling Plant
The basic requirement of TPS is the huge amount of the
coal . if the site selected for thermal power station is near to coal mines ,
then coal is directly taken from the mines . If the plant is away from the
coal mines then it is transported to the power station by transportation
facility such as road and rail . This power plant required huge amount
of the coal every day and is supplied through railways . The coal is
unloaded from the point of delivery by means of wagon tippler . Coal is
obtained from the mines of big pieces . So it is crushed into small
pieces.pulverised coal is fed to boiler through fuel filling device such as
conveyors belt. Ash produced after combustion of coal is removed in ash
handling plant and then delivered to ash storage plant. (Refer The Dig.)
3.Feed Water In the thermal power plant a
steam is generated from water by using the heat of the coal.therefore,In
thermal power plant a huge amount of water is rquired.hence,plant will
located near to the rive or lake.if the condenser use as feed water to
boiler then a lots of water in cycle recover from the external
sources.Before feeding this water to boiler then it is passed through fed
water heater and condenser and economiser.this increase the temperature
of feeding water by utilization of heat of flue gases. Then the overall
efficiency is rising.

4.Super Heater
In Thermal Power Plant, a steam produced in the boiler is impure i.e.
a moisture contain in it. Hence ,before supply to the wet steam to oiler.t
is passed to the super heater , then it is dried at super heater by fuel
gases. Super heating increases he overall efficiency of the plant.
5.Economiser
the purpose of the economies is to heat the fed water so that it
recover a part of heat which lost through the flue gases.

6.Air Pre Heater In TPS a hot air is use

for a boiler hen it help in fast combustion in coal.Since,the entire heat of
fuel gas cannot be exhaust to economizer at air pre heater .Hence, air pre
heater increase temperature for a air supply to the coal.

7.Steam Turbine
In Thermal Power Station, a dry and super heated steam is obtain
from a super heater and it is fed to the steam turbine .the steam is
expanded in steam turbine . Therefore steam attains a higher velocity.
There are number of stationer blades and moving blades. A partial drop
of pressure is used to allow the steam into a moving blades. The steam
rotates the blades .
8.Condenser
In TPS there are mainly classified into two types:
1.Mixing type OR Jet Condenser 2.Non mixing
type OR Surface Condenser
In mixing type condenser ,a exhaust steam from prime
turbine and cooling water directly comes in contact with each other.
This helps in condensation of steam into water. In Non Mixing type
condenser, a steam come out in turbine and cooling water does not
come in contact directly. The cooling water is generally passes
through number of closed tubes and steam surrounds the tubes.

9.Alternator
The alternator is device which converts mechanical energy into
electrical energy. The mechanical energy is obtained from the steam
turbine which directly coupled to altenator.most of the turbo
alternator are designed for 2 poles corresponding to a speed of 3,000
r.p.m for 50 Hz frequency. Generally alternator are rated 0.8 power
factor lagging.
10.Draught System
In TPS there are two draught system:
1.Forced Draught
To fed the hot air for combustion of coal.
2.Induced Draught
To pass the flue gases through the chimney.

11.Switch Gear
Switch gear senses the abnormal condition in electrical
components and immediately isolates the faulty part of
the system from healthy part it mainly consists of
relays, circuit breaker, isolators, fuses etc.
Advantages & Disadvantages Of the
Thermal Power Plant
Advantages: Disadvantages:

It Running cost is more.

has Less initial
cost. It pollutes atmosphere
It requires less space. due to production of
The fuel cost is less.
large amount of
smoke and fumes.
Huge amount of the
Starting time is quite
power can be high.
generated. Efficiency of TPS is
quite low.
Thank you