Analyzing

Lexicogrammatical
Features Expressing the
Tenor Aspect of the
Register
 Group 5:

1. Anggi Pebrianti (20019068)

2. Diana Febrianti (20019071)
3. Intan Syahira (20019024)
4. Mira Afriani (20019007)
Introduction
Register is a linguistic concept that refers to the variety of language used in a
particular social setting, situation, or context. It involves the use of specific
lexical, grammatical, and stylistic features that reflect the social, cultural, and
functional aspects of the communication.
Analyzing the lexicogrammatical features of a register is important because it
provides insights into the social and functional dimensions of the language use.
These features include vocabulary choice, sentence structure, grammatical
patterns, cohesion and coherence, and textual organization. By analyzing these
features, linguists can identify the communicative purpose, the audience, the
social roles, and the cultural norms associated with the register.
Tenor
In terms of register, tenor is one of the three main components, along with field
and mode, that are used to describe the variety of language used in a particular
context. The tenor of a register is determined by the social relationships between
the participants, and the level of formality or informality that characterizes the
interaction.

In discourse analysis, "tenor" refers to the relationship between the participants

in a communication event, such as a conversation or a written text. It
encompasses the social roles, power dynamics, and social distance between the
participants. Tenor is also known as the "social dimension" of discourse.
 Register
and Tenor
Register is a linguistic concept that refers to the variety of language used in a
particular social setting, situation, or context. It involves the use of specific
lexical, grammatical, and stylistic features that reflect the social, cultural, and
functional aspects of the communication.

Analyzing the lexicogrammatical features of a register is important because it

provides insights into the social and functional dimensions of the language use.
These features include vocabulary choice, sentence structure, grammatical
patterns, cohesion and coherence, and textual organization. By analyzing these
features, linguists can identify the communicative purpose, the audience, the
social roles, and the cultural norms associated with the register.
 Tenor is defined as the social relationship between the participants in a
conversation, and it can be described in terms of three aspects:

01
Status
Status refers to the relative
power or social position of
the participants in the
conversation.
02 03
Social Distance Affect
Social distance refers to the Affect refers to the
degree of familiarity or emotional tone of the
intimacy between the interaction.
participants.
The Division of How to
Analyze Tenor
 Person Modality
Identify the person or people Look for modal verbs and
involved in the discourse. adverbs that express
This includes identifying the certainty or uncertainty,
subject, object, and indirect obligation, permission,
object of sentences, as well as ability, and willingness
identifying the pronouns
used.
Mood
Examine the use of finite
and non-finite clauses,
including declarative,
interrogative, imperative,
and exclamatory clauses.
Tense and Aspect Nominalization
Look at the use of past, Look at the use of
present, and future tense, nominalization, or turning
as well as perfective and verbs and adjectives into
imperfective aspect. nouns.

By analyzing these lexicogrammatical features, you can gain insight into the tenor
aspect of the register, including the social relationships, attitudes, and perspectives
expressed in the text.
How to Analyze Tenor
Tenor is easiest to analyze in spoken conversations when all speakers
are present and participating. Tenor is more difficult to analyze in
written texts when the author is anonymous and when the recipients are
not present. Tenor is a component of the interpersonal metafunction of a
text.
In interactive texts (typically spoken), we typically analyze
tenor into:
Relative status (equality, Social distance (familiarity,
inequality) friendliness)
for example we look the terms of address expressed for example by the presence of
used, who gets to choose the topic of formal or informal vocabulary, slang, etc.
conversation, who gets to choose who
speaks, and so on.
In non-interactive texts (typically written), we analyze
tenor into:

Personalization Standing
(how much attention is drawn to the writer how much the author comes across as
or to the reader) and also the related possessing expertise and authority on the
technique of deliberate impersonalization. subject.

Stance
how much the author allows the reader to
disagree with the content
Lexicogrammar
Lexicogrammar refers to the study of language at the intersection of lexicon
(vocabulary) and grammar. It involves analyzing how words and grammar
interact to create meaning in language. Lexicogrammar looks at the ways in
which words and phrases are combined to form sentences and how these
sentences convey meaning.

In analyzing lexicogrammar, it's important to consider the concepts of register

and tenor. Register refers to the way language is used in different social contexts,
such as formal or informal situations. Tenor, on the other hand, refers to the
relationship between the participants in a communication situation and how this
affects the language used.
 Analyzing
Lexicogrammatical
Features
The tenor aspect of register refers to the social relationship between the
participants in a communicative exchange. To analyze lexicogrammatical
features to identify the tenor aspects of the register, one should look for
linguistic choices that reveal information about the social relationship
between the participants.
Some examples of lexicogrammatical features that can express different aspects
of tenor are:

 Pronouns: Pronouns can indicate the social distance between the speaker and
the addressee.
 Modality: Modality refers to the speaker's attitude towards the proposition
being expressed.
 Tense and aspect: Tense and aspect refer to the temporal properties of the
verb.
 Nominalization: Nominalization refers to the use of nouns instead of verbs or
adjectives
 Appositives: Appositives are noun phrases that rename or explain another
noun phrase.
For example, consider the following two sentences:
Formal register: "I would like to request that you attend the meeting tomorrow
at 2 pm."
Casual register: "Hey, can you come to the meeting tomorrow at 2 pm?“

In the formal register, the use of modal verbs "would" and "request" suggests a
more formal or authoritative relationship, while the use of formal pronouns "I"
and "you" also contributes to this impression. In contrast, in the casual register,
the use of the modal verb "can" suggests a more permissive or equal relationship,
while the use of the informal pronoun "you" and the casual greeting "Hey" also
contribute to this impression.
Examples of Tenor
Analysis
This chapter consists of three subchapter called: data description, data
interpretation and discussion. Data description describes the data in the form of
contextual configuration and lexicogrammar. Lexicogrammar description
consists of clause system, nominal group, verbal group, adjunct group, mood
system, theme system, transitivity system, technicality and nominalization,
metaphor, polarity and modality.

This interpretation is based on its lexicogrammar description. The last subchapter

is discussion which explains about the totality of interpretation of the text. It is
used to answer the problem statement of this research.
Text 1:
Text 2:
Thanks!