Dos

Disk operating system

Work by
Himanshu thakur
 Contents
What is dos ?
Dos commands ?
Wild card ?
 What is dos ?
• A disk operating system is an OS that operates on a hard drive. The
operating system commands and regulates the computer's hardware and
peripheral devices while also controlling the program and its operation.
Microsoft created and released it as IBM PC DOS for the first time. In
1981, it also referred to the family of DOS known as MS-DOS.
• The DOS is a 16-bit operating system, which implies that it may save and
process 16 bits of data at once.
 Dos commands
• DOS Commands are instructions that allow Windows users to conduct tasks on files
and folders. As you may know, a file is a container for a collection of information or
data, and a directory is a collection of files. These are case insensitive.
• The file name in MS-DOS is in 8dot format and broken into two parts - primary and
secondary names. The primary name can be up to eight characters long, while the
secondary name can be up to four characters with a dot. For example, in the filename
Logo.jpg, the primary name is Logo, while the secondary name is .jpg. Secondary
names are set for each type of file, so for system files, the secondary name is .sys, and
for text files, it is .txt, etc. Special characters such as >, ., /, *, ?, |, & Space are not
permitted in file or directory names.
 Types of dos commands

• There are mainly two types of DOS Commands. These are as follows:
• Internal Commands
• External Commands
 Internal commands
• Internal Commands
• Internal commands are loaded into the system memory during system
booting. These internal commands may not be seen, modified, detected, or
deleted because they do not exist in the form of a file. An internal
command is the MS-DOS command stored in system memory and loaded
from command.com or cmd.exe. Internal commands include MD, DATE,
COPY, CD, TIME, COPR CON, TYPE, etc.
 External commands
• External commands are stored in the system memory after system
booting. These external commands may easily be viewed, changed,
deleted, or copied as they are present in the form of a file. External
commands include FORMAT, SYS, EDIT, PROMPT, COPY, PRINT,
TREE, SORT, etc.
 Wild card
• Alternatively referred to as a wild
character or wildcard character, a wildcard is a 
symbol used to replace or represent one or more
characters. The most common wildcards are the 
asterisk (*), which represents one or more 
characters, and question mark (?), which represents
a single character. In the examples below of how a
wildcard may be used, realize that wildcards are
relatively universal.
 Examples
• Percent ( % ) in a wildcard
• The percent symbol is used in SQL to match any
character (including an underscore) zero or more
times.
 Asterisk
• Asterisk ( * ) in a wildcard
• The asterisk in a wildcard matches any character
zero or more times. For example, "comp*" matches
anything beginning with "comp," which means
"comp," "complete," and "computer" are all
matched.
• .
 Question mark

• Question mark ( ? ) in a wildcard

• A question mark matches a single character once. For example,
"c?mp" matches "camp" and "comp." The question mark can
also be used more than once. For example, "c??p" would match
both of the above examples. In MS-DOS and the 
Windows command line, the question mark can also match any
trailing question marks zero or one time. For example, "co??"
would match all of the above matches, but because they are
trailing question marks would also match "cop" even though
it's not four characters.
 That’s all
• Thank you