10.

1 Desain Eksperimen

Prof. Bermawi P. Iskandar

OUTLINE
• Introduction
• Terminology
• Examples of Factors and Responses
• Types/Examples of Experimental Design
• Full Factorial Designs
• Example: Full Factorial Design
 Experimental Design
• Experimental design provides a way of deciding before the runs are
made which particular configurations to simulate so that the desired
information can be obtained with the least amount of simulating.
• The input parameters and structural assumptions composing a model
are called factors, and the output performance measures are called
responses.

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 Experimental Design
• Each possible value of a factor is called a level of the factor.
• A combination of factors all at a specified level is called a treatment.
• Factors can be either quantitative or qualitative.

• These factors are collectively called decision variables, or policy

variables.
• e.g., queue discipline (policy variable), number of servers (decision variable).

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Factorial Design
• Sometimes simulation analyses are used to determine the effects that
various factors exert on selected performance criteria.

• Factorial designed experiments are one means of providing this type of

information.
• The results produced from these experiments can be statistically
analyzed to measure:
• 1) the main effects, and
• 2) interactive effects
that selected factors exert on performance indices (system responses).
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DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS

• According to Kelton (1999), one of the main goals of the

experimental design is to estimate how changes in input
factors affect the results, or answers of the experiment.
 Example: Full Factorial (2k) Design
• Consider a simulation model of reorder point, reorder quantity inventory
system. The two decision variables, or factors, to consider are the reorder
point (P) and the reorder quantity (Q) for the inventory system. The maximum
and minimum allowable values for each are given below:

• Suppose that the response variable output by the model is the long-run
average monthly cost (composed of three components: holding cost, shortage
costs, and ordering costs) in thousands of dollars.
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DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS

Useful when there are

many alternatives to
consider (e.g.,
numerous capacity
levels of various types,
numerous parameters
(or variables) for a
proposed system)
Methodology
There are 3 stages:
(1) conception
(conceptual model),
(2) implementation
(computer model),
and
(3) Stat. analysis
(operational model).
Ex No 11 Dump on Me
 Terminology

• Two basic types of variables: factors and responses

• Factors: input variables

• controllable or uncontrollable
• quantitative or qualitative

• Responses: output variables from the simulation

model.
• uncertain in nature
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 Motivation and Terminology

• Basic problem: find the best levels (or values of the parameters) in
terms of the responses.

• Experimental Design can tell you which alternatives to simulate so

that you obtain the desired information with the least amount of
simulation
 Examples of Factors
1) Mean inter arrival time (uncontrollable, quantitative)
2) Mean service time (controllable or uncontrollable,
quantitative)
3) Number of servers (controllable, quantitative)
4) Queuing discipline (controllable, qualitative)
5) Reorder point (controllable, quantitative)
6) Mean inter demand time (uncontrollable, quantitative)
7) Distribution of inter demand time (uncontrollable, qualitative)

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 Types/Examples of Experimental Designs
• Full Factorial Designs
• Fractional Factorial Designs

• Completely Randomized Designs

• Randomized Complete Block Designs
• Nested Factorial Designs
• Split Plot Type Designs
• Latin Square Type Designs

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