Professional Documents
Culture Documents
I Ketut Gede Wirantaja (52211887) Tugas Interntional Business Kelompok 3
I Ketut Gede Wirantaja (52211887) Tugas Interntional Business Kelompok 3
I Ketut Gede Wirantaja (52211887) Tugas Interntional Business Kelompok 3
Understanding
Emerging
Markets
Learning Objectives
1.Advanced economies, developing
economies, and emerging markets
2.What makes emerging markets attractive
for international business
3.Assesing the true potential of emerging
markets
4.Risk and challenges of emerging markets
5.Strategies for emerging markets
6.Corporate social responsibility in
emerging markets and developing
economies
7.The special case of Africa
3
Advanced Economies
4
Developing Economies
• Low income countries characterized by limited industrilization and stagnant economies
• Developing economies are hindered by high infant mortality , malnutrition, shotlife
expectation,illiteracy, and poor education systems
5
• Former developing economies that have achieved
substantial industrialization,modernization and
rapid economic growth since 1980s
6
What makes emerging
markets attractive for
international business • Emerging markets as target markets
• Emergimg markets as manufacturing bases
• Emerging markets as sourcing Destinations
7
Assesing the true potential of emerging markets
Three important statistic to estimate market potential
• Market potential
• Middle class
03
• Per- capita income
02
01
8
• What is the RISK and CHALLENGE of
emerging markets ?
Risk and challenges of emerging markets
10
• Customize offering to unique market needs
11
Target Government
• State enterprises in areas like railways, banking , oil and steel buy goods and service
from foreign
• The public sector influences the procurement activities of various private or semiprivate
corporations
12
Corporate social responsibility
• CSR
• Foster Economic Development with Profitable
Projects
13
CHAPTER 9
The International
Monetary and
Financial
Environment
Fading Barriers
15
Currencies • There are more than 150 currencies in use around the
world today
• Most currencies are not very convertible.Example : The
dollar,pound and euro are hard currencies. Universally
accepted nd preferred in international transactions
16
Exchange Rate
• DEFINITION
• The number of units of one currency that can be exchanged for another
17
Constantly fluctuating exchange rates
• BEWARE!
• The prices the firm charges can be quoted in the firm’s currency or in the currency of each foreign
customer
• Because several months can pass between placement and delivery of an order, fluctuations in the
exchange rate during that time can cost or earn the firm money
• The firms and its customers can use the exchange rate as it stands on the date of each transaction, or they
can agree to use a specific exchange rate
18
Currency Risk
19
•Foreign Exchange
•Refer to all forms of money that are traded internationally ,
including foreign currencies, bank deposits, cheque and
elektronics transfer
CONT... •Capital Flight
•Refers to tendency of international investors to drastically
reduce their investment in a troubled currency or other
assets.
20
• Convertible Currency
• Convertible currency can be readily exchanged for other
currencies
• Nonconvertible Currency
• A nonconvertible currency is not acceptable for international
transactions
21
How Exchange Rates are Determined
22
• Economic growth • Market psychology
Four main factors influence the supply and demand for a currency
23
Emergence of the modern exchange rate system
24
The Modern Exchange Rate System
•The floating exchange rate system •The fixed exchange rate system
•Most advanced economies (e.g., Europe, • Many developing economies and emerging
Japan, U.S.) use the floating exchange rate markets use the fixed exchange rate
system. The value of a currency ‘floats’ system. The value of a currency is set at a
according to market forces, with little specified rate to the value of another
government intervention. currency, or basket of currencies. E.g.,
China, African countries.
25
The Monetary and Financial Systems
• Consist of..
• International monetary system is the institutional
framework, rules and procedure by which national
currencies are excgahge for each other
26
Key Participants and Relationships in the Global Monetary and Financial Systems
•1
•
N
at
ex ion
ch al
an sto
ge ck
s
•
C
om
Ba me
nk rci
s a l
•
C
en
tr
Key Players in the Monetary and Financial Systems
al
Ba
nk
s
•
Ba
n k
fo
se r in
ttl t
em er
en nat
ts ion
al
28
CHAPTER 10
Financial
Management and
Accounting in the
Global Firm
ENAM TUGAS MANAJEMEN
KEUANGAN YANG SANGAT PENTING
• Memilih Struktur Modal
• Mengumpulkan dana untuk
Perusahaan
• Mengelola Modan Kerja dan Arus
Kas
• Melakukan Penganggaran Modal
• Mengelola risiko mata uang
• Mengelola keragaman Pratik
akuntansi dan pajak Internasional
MEMILIH STRUKTUR MODAL
Pasar modal global sangat besar dan
berkembang pesat, meskipun mengalami
penyusutan yang signifikan selama krisis
keuangan global baru-baru ini.
• Masalah ekuitas internasional di pasar Pasar Global telah berkembang pesat
sekuritas dunia berjumlah sekitar $ 800 karena :
miliar, naik dari $ 83 miliar pada tahun
1996. • Regulasi Pemerintah
• Stok pinjaman dan simpanan bank lintas • Inovasi dalam teknologi informasi dan
nasional melebihi $ 29.000 miliar, naik
dari $ 12.000 miliar satu dekade komunikasi
sebelumnya.
• Globalisasi bisnis dan persaingan global
• Obligasi dan wesel bayar internasional
terkemuka menyumbang lebih dari $ • Sekuritas instrumen keuangan yang
21.000 miliar, naik dari sekitar $ 4.000
miliar pada tahun 1998. meluas
MENGUMPULKAN DANA UNTUK
PERUSAHAAN