HEA

T&T
H
➔ Matter is made up of atoms
➔ Atoms have the capability to
transfer heat and cause
attraction or repulsion of
charged objects.
➔ There are different modes on how heat are transferred.
➔ However, not all materials allow heat to pass through
easily, these materials are called insulators.
CONDUCTOR
➔ In a conductor, electric current can flow freely
➔ Metals are good conductors of HEAT and
ELECTRICITY
 WHAT IS HEAT?
➔ HEAT is a transit energy that
is transferred from an object
with higher temperature to an
object with a lower
temperature.
➔ Heat ALWAYS flows from
warmer to colder objects.
 EXAMPLE
➔ When you place a warm food
in the refrigerator, heat flows
from the warm food to the
refrigerator’s cooling system
and is ejected outside.
➔ This is how food inside the
refrigerator gets cold.
 CONDITIONS NECESSARY FOR HEAT
TRANSFER
➔ Temperature is an essential factor in heat transfer.

WHAT IS
TEMPERATURE?
➔ Temperature of a substance
is the measure of the speed
of the moving particles or
the amount of energy.

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 TEMPERATURE
➔ The faster the movement of
particles, the higher the
amount of energy.
➔ The transfer of energy
causes the matter to change
temperature.
➔ Energy is transferred,
through heat, until the
temperature of the two
matters reach their
equilibrium.
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 WHAT IS THE DEVICE USED IN MEASURING
TEMPERATURE ?
★ THERMOMETER is the
device used in measuring
temperature.
★ The first thermometer was
invented by GALILEO
GALILEI in the year
1602.

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 PARTICLE THEORY OF MATTER

★ Particle theory of matter states that matter

consists of many very small particles (atoms
or molecules), which are in constant motion
and are held together by attractive forces.

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 PARTICLE THEORY OF MATTER
★ The speed by which atoms and molecules move depends largely on
the energy they contain.

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 SCALES IN MEASURING
TEMPERATURE
➔ There are 3 commonly
used temperature scales
★CELCIUS
★FAHRENHEIT
★KELVIN

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CELSIUS (°C) & FAHRENHEIT (°F)

★ Both based on the

freezing and boiling
point of water.

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 KELVIN ( K )
★ The SI unit of temperature.

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CONVERTING TEMPERATURE

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 HEAT TRANSFER
➔ Heat travels from a material
with higher temperature to a
material with lower
temperature
➔ There are three modes of heat
transfer, these are

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HEAT TRANSFER BY CONDUCTION
★ Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy through
direct contact.

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 HEAT TRANSFER BY CONDUCTION
★ Have you experienced
leaving your metal spoon
in your mug filled with hot
coffee for a few seconds?
What happened to the
spoon

➔ This is an example of conduction, heat is directly transmitted from the coffee

to the spoon, and because the spoon is metal, a good conductor of heat.
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 HEAT TRANSFER BY CONDUCTION
★ Molecules are in motion.
★ Warmer molecules move
faster than cooler ones
because they have more
energy.

➔ Conduction occurs in the different states of matter- solid, liquid, and

gas- since matter is made up of molecules.
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 CONVECTION
➔ Perhaps you might have seen smoke
coming out of a hot coffee.
➔ What did you notice?
➔ If you will observe carefully, you will
notice that hot air from coffee goes
up
➔ This is because hot air is less dense.

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 CONVECTION
➔ In fluids, such as gases and
liquids, the transfer of
energy adopts a different
method.
➔ Both hot air and hot liquid
rise.
➔ Whenever gases acquire
heat, molecules tend to move
so rapidly that heated gases
expand, occupy a bigger
space and become lighter.
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 CONVECTION
➔ As the heated gas rise, they lose energy.
➔ Warmer water rises and cold water sinks.

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 CONVECTION
➔ You will also notice
that cold air from the
air conditioning unit
goes down.
➔ This is because cold
air is denser.

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 CONVECTION
➔ Convection is the
movement of a hotter and
less dense material to rise
while the colder, denser
material sinks under the
influence of gravity which
consequently results to
transfer of het.

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 RADIATION
➔ Heat from the sun reaches
the planet through
radiation.
➔ It occurs when heat is
transferred through space.

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 RADIATION
➔ Other forms of radiation
include the heat
surrounding a fire or
flame, and the heat
given off by a stove.
➔ Toasting marshmallow
in an open fire, is an
example of radiation.

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