Farming Systems

Practiced in
Haryana & Manipur
Yashwardhan Thapliyal
VIIIth
Science Power Point Presentaion
 INDEX
1. What if Farming System 3
2. Status of Farming in Haryana & Manipur 4–6
3. Cropping Pattern of Both states 7–9
4. Soil Types 10 – 12
5. Irrigation 13 – 15
6. Crop Production 16 – 18
7. Manure & Fertilizer 19 – 21
 What is Farming System

 Farming systems in India are strategically utilized, according to the

locations where they are most suitable. The farming systems that
significantly contribute to the agriculture of India are subsistence farming, 
organic farming, industrial farming Regions throughout India differ in types
of farming they use; some are based on horticulture, ley farming, 
agroforestry, and many more.
 Status of Farming
in
Haryana And Manipur
 HARYANA
Haryana is primarily an agricultural state. About 70% of residents are engaged in agriculture. Haryana is self-
sufficient in food production and the second largest contributor to India's central pool of food grains.
 MANIPUR
Agriculture is the main occupation of the people of Manipur. Agriculture sector contributes a major share to the
total state domestic product and provides employment to about 22.13 percent (according to 2011 census) of the
total workers in Manipur. Out of the total geographical area of the state, only 7.41 percent is used for cultivation.
Of this total cultivated area, 52% is confined to the valley. Therefore, half of the total valley area, which
accommodates 67% of the total population, is occupied for agriculture purposes. Thus, the pressure on land in the
valley is quite conspicuous.
Cropping Pattern of
Both States
 Cropping Pattern of Haryana
There are two main cropping season in Haryana Kharib and Rabi, Kharif Crops are soon in the month of may and June
and harvested crops are Rice, Cotton, Jawar, Bajra, Maize etc. Rabi crops are sown in October and November and
harvested in the month of March and April wheat, gram, mustard, barley are the main crops of this season. At the time
of existence, Cropping pattern of Haryana mainly dominant by coarse cereals like Jower, Bajra, gram. with the
introduction of HYV technology, expansion of irrigation facilities, increase in the use of chemical fertilizer, cropping
pattern has changed.
 
 In the 1966-67, total cropped are in Haryana was 4599 thousand hectares, which increased to 6510 thousand hectares
in 2009-10. Area under food grain was 3520 thousand hectares in 1966-67. It increased 4540 thousand hectares in
2009-10. The percentage share of area under food grains, it staying between the ranges of 65 to 78 percent during the
entire period.
 Cropping Pattern of Manipur
The soil of the district is fertile and with the help of irrigation facilities from the Imphal barrage double cropping is
widely practiced in the district. In some areas, even triple cropping is practiced – first paddy crop starting late February
or early March, second paddy crop in July and early August and the third crop of mustard seeds, pulses, etc. in
November. Other crops grown in the District are sugarcane, oilseeds, maize, potatoes, pulses, chilies, etc. The district is
the largest producer of sugarcane in Manipur.

Its cultivation is mainly confined to Thoubal, Wangjing, Heirok and Khagnjom. Oilseeds, mainly mustard seeds, are
found all over the district. Recently cultivation of sunflower is also started. Vegetables such as cabbages, cauliflower,
different kinds of peas, gourds, pumpkins, etc. are cultivated widely. Among the plantation crops, pineapples are the
most important and major cash crop which are cultivated in the slopes of low hills and hillocks.
 Soil Types
in Both States
 Soil Type in Haryana
The Region of Haryana has mostly the alluvium type of soil. The location of Haryana is towards the depression of the
river Ganga and Indus. Haryana is a vast plain with moist Land.

1. The Larger part of the state of is the alluvium of the old type which contains sand, clay, slit and kantars. Kankars are
the hard calcareous concentrations of nut size.
2. The exception of the type of soil is the food plains of Yamuna and Ghaggar.
3. The new/recent type of alluvium is known as khadar. It consists of coarse sand and slit deposited by the rivers
regularly.
4. The southwestern parts of the state have piles of sand known as sand dunes.
5. The size and height of dunes vary with the flow of the winds. Sometimes the sand dunes may be several meters in
height and several kilometers in length.
 Soil Type in Manipur
From red soil, alluvial soil, brown soil, laterite soil to sandy soil, each type has its distinct characteristics that affect crop yields. This article
aims to provide an overview of these different soils found in Manipur and their properties. By exploring the physical attributes and chemical
composition of these soils, we can gain a better understanding of how they function and what makes them suitable for specific crops.
Through this discussion on Manipur’s diverse range of soils, readers can deepen their knowledge about the intricacies involved in agriculture
production within this region.
Key Takeaways
1. Manipur has diverse soil types including red soil, alluvial soil, brown soil, laterite soil, and sandy soil.
2. Each soil type has unique characteristics and is suitable for different agricultural purposes.
3. Soil conservation and sustainable agriculture practices are necessary to maintain the productivity and fertility of Manipur’s soils.
4. Clayey soil is particularly important for nutrient cycling, providing good drainage and aeration,
and supporting sustainable agriculture practices in Manipur.
Irrigation Systems
in Both States
 Irrigation system in Manipur
The irrigation system in Manipur is not fully developed and therefore, the main source of water for agricultural purposes
is rain water. The prospects of agriculture in the state depend largely on timely occurrence of rains. It is particularly so in
the case of Kharif season where production and productivity of crops are dependent not only on the quantum of rains, but
also its equitable distribution over the days/months of the seasons.

In Manipur, the Zabo irrigation system was used in rice cultivation, it is a traditional method of water harvesting used by
the farmers
• Zabo means seize of water, an excellent system of rainwater harvesting.
• Drip irrigation is a type of micro-irrigation system used in Manipur.
• This method of irrigation is developed to save water and nutrients by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of
plants.
• Its aim is to place water directly into the root zone and minimize the evaporation of the crops.
 Irrigation system in Haryana
The state has a well-developed irrigation system that includes several sources of irrigation, each playing a crucial role in supplying water to the crops.
Rice crops need a lot of water and the irrigation system of Haryana helps ensure regular water supply for its cultivation in semi-arid climatic
conditions. The primary sources of irrigation in Haryana are:
1. Canals: Canals are the primary source of irrigation in Haryana, and the state has an extensive network of canals that provide water to the crops.
The Western Yamuna Canal is the largest irrigation canal in the world, and it is the primary source of irrigation in western Haryana. The Eastern
Yamuna Canal, Bhakra Canal, Sirsa Branch Canal, and Hansi-Butana Canal are other major canals in the state that supply water to the crops.
2. Irrigation/Check Dam: Irrigation dams are structures that are built across rivers or other bodies of water to create a reservoir or a lake that can be
used to store and regulate the flow of water for irrigation purposes. Irrigation dams are important for agricultural production in areas where water is
scarce or unreliable. By storing water during times of plenty, they can help ensure a reliable supply of water for crops during dry periods. In
addition to irrigation, irrigation dams are also used for other purposes such as hydroelectric power generation, flood control, and recreation.
3. Tube Wells: Tube wells are another important source of irrigation in Haryana. The state has a large number of tube wells that are used to extract
groundwater and supply it to the crops. Tube wells are particularly useful in areas where canals are not available, and farmers have to depend on
groundwater for irrigation.
4. Lift Irrigation: Lift irrigation is a technique used to lift water from a lower level to a higher level and is commonly used in areas where
groundwater is available but not easily accessible. The Dadupur-Nalvi Canal is a lift irrigation project in Haryana that supplies water to the districts
of Kaithal and Jind.
5. Drip Irrigation: Drip irrigation is a technique that involves supplying water directly to the roots of the plants, minimizing water loss due to
evaporation and seepage. Drip irrigation is particularly useful in areas where water is scarce and needs to be conserved. The state government has
encouraged the use of drip irrigation in Haryana, and many farmers have adopted this technique.
Both States Production
of Crops
 Production of Crops in Haryana
Fruits, vegetables and spices Production
 Vegetable production was: potato 853,806 tonnes, onion 705,795 tonnes, tomato 675,384 tonnes, 
cauliflower 578,953 tonnes, leafy vegetables 370,646 tonnes, brinjal 331,169 tonnes, guard 307,793
tonnes, peas 111,081 tonnes and others 269,993 tonnes.
 Fruits production was: citrus 301,764 tonnes, guava 152,184 tonnes, mango 89,965 tonnes, chikoo
 16,022 tonnes, aonla 12,056 tonnes and other fruits 25,848 tonnes.
 Spices production was: garlic 40,497 tonnes, fenugreek 9,348 tonnes, ginger 4,304 tonnes and others
840 tonnes.
Production of Crops in Manipur
Manure & Fertilizers
 Manure & Fertilizers in Manipur
Fertilizer consumption was only 7605mt in 1972-73 to 23,401 mt in 2013-14, there was 3.07 times increase. In 1980-81
per hectare fertilizer consumption was only 15kg. as against the national average of 53 kg. The states consumption of
fertilizer today stands at 45 kg/hectare against the national average of ………….. kg/hectare. Today some 433 private
retailers caters fertilizers to the farmers’ door steps. Efforts of the states Department of Agriculture is also directed
towards the use of less costly bio fertilizer by the farmers. The farmers today use an estimated 18mt/year of bio
fertilizer.
 Manure & Fertilizers in Haryana
. Hafed is the Sole State Nodal Agency for arrangement and distribution    fertilizers through Cooperative Network in
Haryana and is successfully making timely arrangements of all kinds of fertilizers. Agricultural inputs like seeds,
fertilizers and pesticides/ insecticides/ weedicides play an important role in increasing the productivity of crops. Over
the years, through the network of its Cooperatives, HAFED has been ensuring that the farmers get quality Inputs at
reasonable prices. HAFED’s role in Inputs supply is important not only from economy point of view but also from the
fact that with HAFED the farmer is sure of the quality/ purity and is saved the possibility of any damage to his crops.
Fertilizer sale during the last five years is as under :
THANK
YOU