Title Reference Date Owner Coach

BACKGROUND PDCA EVALUATION OF COUNTERMEASURES PDCA

• Explain the problem context
• Explain how the problem was discovered
• Explain why the problem is in conflict with the company’s goals or is relevant to fix.
CURRENT SITUATION PDCA
• Fact-based understanding of the current state using quantitative measures and data
• Provide clear evidence without discussing potential causes.
• Include timeline and severity view if relevant.
• Go to see for yourself. Discuss with those affected. Confirm with stakeholders.
• Be visual in your explanation.
PURPOSE and TARGET PDCA
• Set a clear, measureable goal for the new state, with target value(s).
• Be clear on how the performance will be measured.
• Why was the specific target value chosen? Confirm it with stakeholders.
• After the root cause is well established and agreed, work with peers to develop several
potential countermeasures.
• Consider each countermeasure one by one, and evaluate the impacts of implementation
of each.
For example:
• Q: Expected effectiveness toward the target, risks
• D: Possible implementation date
• C: Cost to implement and unit or operational costs
• F: How will performance / efficiency be affected
• Other, depending on the situation
•Gather facts as much as possible. Calculate, simulate, experiment.
• Don’t rush to a solution. Take time to evaluate with input from peers & stakeholders.
• Strive for a fact-based decision as to what to implement as the solution to the problem.
• Record here the decided countermeasures, relevant decision governance, and if not
directly obvious, why the justification behind the descision(s).

ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS ref GDI 968-08 PDCA ACTION PLAN P DCA
• The most important phase of an effective problem solving process, the purpose of this • Focus on the actions to implement the decided solutions
section is to develop a solid understanding of the base cause or causes that lead to the • Describe at a high level the actions to be taken, by whom, and by when.
undesired effect. • Insert a table to track completion of tasks.

• Develop factual, measureable evidence of the cause / effect relationship to the greatest
extent possible.
• Depending on the nature and the scale of the problem, select an appropriate Root Cause
Analysis technique (ref GDI 968-08 and Perfrom Root Cause Analysis): FOLLOWUP PD CA
• 5 why • Collect data and verify the measures against the targets set.
• Ishikawa (fish-bone) • Add actions as necessary to reach the desired target.
• Fault tree • Confirm results with stakeholders
• (others)

• Discuss periodically with your peers and cross-functional experts – their input is
extremely valuable.
STANDARDIZE PDC A
• Be appropriately thorough, in proportion to the magnitude of the problem.
• Identify how to prevent recurrence of the issue
• Implement standardization in process descriptions
• Inform about the changes to affected as appropriate
• Work with appropriate network to have DVG updated where applicable.
Basics

• The A3 is not a template, but a working document, constantly updated until the problem is solved.
• A true A3 problem solving to address a significant problem is a journey that can take several months.
• The coach is there to mentor you throughout the problem solving, not to help you solve the problem
• Use visual elements and tables for simplicity of understanding.
• Present facts as much as possible.

Practical Information
• Do not change header names.
• Adjust section sizes as needed (see below).
• Inserting a text box may be helpful to arrange information in combination with visual elements.

To adjust section size (without impact to headers):

•Each column is a table.
•To adjust the size of the different boxes drag in the bottom border of each
text area.
Click and drag the bottom border to adjust size of each box
•The following cursor symbol should be
shown when adjusting the size:

To Print:
•From PRINT tab, Use Printer Properties to set paper size to A3 (or 11x17).
•To reduce the margin size, from the Print tab select Full Scale Pages  Scale to Fit Paper.

NOTE: When using the A3 for solving a problem registered in DTL 3C Process:
•Save the A3 locally in your group’s team place or in your computer until it has been steered in.
•When it has been steered in, register the issue in the 3C tool and attach the A3 document.
•Save the file as a MS PPT presentation: “[Reference ID] [Issue Title] [Version]”

Delete this INSTRUCTION PAGE before final storage