l & “k

[k+keks”kh & e”kgwj

“kks[k+ & og”kh
bU”kksjsUl & “kksf’kr
rQ+rh”k & g”kz
------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------

• “kSyk vkSj “k”k/kj dk “kklu ds lkFk ‘kM+;a= vkSj mldh

leh{kk] “k=q dss
“kL=] ds f”k”kqvksa dh f”k{kk dh vkSj lqyHk ‘koZ.k dh
leL;k vkfn fo’k;ks
ij fo”kys’k.k ds fcuk “khyk ls “kadj dk lh/kk “kkL=kFkZ
 t & t+
t+nZ & LVst
Xqkt+kjk & eat+++q+j
tT+ck & et+kd+
njokt+k & t+gj
T+ksoj & otwn
T+kekuk & [k+kSQt+nk
T+kcku & efLt+n
Ukekt+ & est+
Xqkt+kjk & pht+
bt+kQk & xwUt
fygkt+k & gtZ
• byt+ke & t+yhy
• t+yt+yk & ukt+q+++d
• gjfx+t+ & et+nqj
• est+cku & bYt+ke
• eqykft+e & tqjZr
• tqeZ & ft+Ees
• t+athj & lt+k
• etky & t+kfgj
• fet+kt & ygtk
• fygkt+ & tukt+k
• iqt+kZ & njkt+
• fjokt & ntZ
• t+kfye & t+kfgj
• C;kt & I;kt+
• T+kukuh & tke
• T+kathj & ejd+t
• bYfrtk & fcjkteku
• Ekjht+ & tksf[ke
• T+kqYe & tqnk
• yTtkt+ud & t+qekZuk
• t++qdke & thuk& ft+Unxh
• t+huk ^lhMh & t+soj
• t+ekur & ngst+
• bykt & ntZ
• t+yt+yk & ntZu
• eqvkot+k & Qt+hZ
• cqt+++qxZ & vt+hZ
• ft+Yyr & ftgkn
• mtkZ & tke &:dkoV
• tke &ihuk & eaft+y & xksy
• eaft+y edku & ukt+qd
• t+yhy & lqth
• t+hjk & ekStwn
• etcwj & et+nwj
• et+cr & et+snkj
• [kir & ekSt+
• vkjt++w & iaqth
• jet+ku & ttZj
• rt+Z & frtksjh
• Q+kSt+ & ngyht+
• eqtjk & eqtfje
• et+gc & gqtqe
• ekStwn & jkt+h
• ut+ek & tk;nkn

• t+nZ et+kd+ pht+ t+yt+yk

• gt+jr t+kfdj jktnkj gS gekjh ft+nxh ds A gekjh xqt+kfj”k
gS vkils fd vki tukc fdlh ckr dk t+jk Hkh ft+dz uk djs muls
A vki vxj ges ft+Unk ns[kuk pkgrs gS rks tq+cku dks cUn
gh j[ks A vkidh t+qcku ls fudyk ,d gh vYQ+kt+] ges viuh
tku nsus ds fy, etcwj dj nsxk A tgk rd jgh vki ds t+ehu
tk;nkn ds dkx+t+kr dh ckr rks oks vki eq> ij NksM+ nhft, A
vHkh ges tks”k es gks”k ugh [kksuk gS A ekurk gqaA
t+kfdj lkgc ge ij T+;krh dj jgs gSaA t+cjnLrh uktk;t+ dj jgs
gSaA t+q+Ye dj jgs gSaA exj esjh tku dHkh rks mudk t+ehj
mUgs f/kdkjsxkA t+#j f/kDdkjsxkA rqe ns[kuk ,d fnu
t+kfdj lkgsc dh [k+qn t+kfdj lkgsc ds t+ehj ls ,lh tax gksxh
dh gqt+wj ml fnu viuk gj Q+u tkSgj Hkwy tk,xs A t+kghj
gS thr t+ehj dh gh gksxhA bl oD+r t+jk lh Hkh thHk ckgj
fudkyus dk eryc gS Tk+y&t+yk]gwt+wj dks t+jk Hkh
t+kfgj ugh gksuk pkfg, fd ge Hkh fdlh jkt+ ls okfdQ+ gSA
 d & d+
• d+t+Z & lcd+
• okd+s;kr & d+Sn
• d+n & cjd+jkj
• d+nj & ud+”kk
• rd+nhj & gd+
• ;d+hu & ;d+huu
• et+kd+ & ed+ke
• eqd+nj & d+kcw
• ekSd+k & eqykd+kr
• fd+Ler & gfD+d+r
• jd+e & nLrd &uks +
• d+jhc & d+rjk
• ed+ln & rjD+d+h
• rd+jhcu & eqrkfcd+
• lcd+ & gd+hd+r
• d+k;y & ckd+h
• d+cwy & okd+bZ
• rtfjcsdkj&uks + & d+;ker
• rykd+ & rvyqd+
• d+kfcy & d+kfry
• gd+nkj & rkd+r
• jkSud+ & d+rbZ
• d+rkj & casd+lwj
• “kkSd+ & ckd+k;nk
• uqd+lku & d+cZ
• d+;ker & d+k;e
• fd+Llk & eqd+nj
• bd+jkj & ud+y
• d+eht+ & d+jkj
• d+t+Z & okd+,
• d+nj & bad+ykc
• bfRQkd+ & d+q+++++njr
• cqd+kZ & ud+kc
• rcd+k & rjD+d+h
• d+nZ & d+ne
• d+Ct+k & bUrd+ky
• laUnwd+ & d+kfCky
• d+kfQyk & d+ye
• ed+cjk & e;dk&uks +
• d+q+ckZuh & [kqnx+Zjt+
• uqd+l & uqd+rk
• gYd+ & gyd+s
• eqd+nek & dkedkth uks +
• dksrkgh&uks + & d+lwj
• d+lck & d+q+yh
• d+k;nk & d+k;e
• d+gok & d+gj
• vd+yean & t+q++dke
• eqrkfcd+ & eqckjdckn uks +
• eqYd uks + & dksrkgh uks +
• d+czLrku & e”kD+d+r
• vkSd+kr & lcd+
• rkd+ & eqZd+j
• rjhd+k & uD+”kk
• jktdkt uks + & ud+yh
• d+ok;n & rd+nhj
• d+kyhu & d+jhuk diwj

• d+Sn jd+e lcd+ ckd+h

-----------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
• d+kfle dh deflu dyh dfj”ek dydRrk dks xbZ rks
ihNs&ihNs d+jhe fe;ka] Hkh] dqRrs dh ekfUun
ek”kwd+k ls b”d+ Q+jekus] vkf”kd+h fuHkkus igqp
x;sA fd+Ler ds ekjs d+jhe] d+kt+h lkgsc ds fd+ys esa
tSls gh nkf[k+y gq, oSls gh d+kt+h dk dkyk lk vthc lh
“kDy okyk x+q+yke gkFk es cUnqd fy, dcwrj dh rjg
mM+dj d+jhe ds d+jhc vk igqpk vkSj mudk dku idM+
d+g&d+gs yxkdj dwnus yxk dec[+rA m/kj djhe us tks
dkSOos dh ekfQ+d dkys L;kg vkneh dks ns[kk rks
gks”k Q+kdrk gks x;s vkSj t+ksj ls fdydkjh ekj dj
cksys] veka dks;ys ds [k+ku ds ekfydA esjk d+qlqj
Q+jekb;s eq>s crkb;s] D;ks bl d+jhe fl}hd+h ij d+gj <g
jgs gSaA nsf[k, dg jgk gqa esjk dku NksfM+, ;fd+u
dhft, eSa dksbZ d+ckbyh ;k lM+d Nki ugh AvPNh
[k+klh “kDy okyk] ckjhd vD+y okyk d+k;ns] d+kuwu
dk cks> m<k+us okyk] ukd+ke ukyk;d gwaA vkf”kd+h esjk
dke gSaA dks;EcVwj ?kj gSa esjk] vkf”d+h esjk dke gSaA
“kkSd+ gSa eqd+nj ls dq”rh yM+us dkA d+jhuk d+kfry
gSaA fd+Ler dh fdrkc dh d+kt+h ;k d+qnjr D;k djsxhA
gd+hd+r ;g gSa fd dfj”ek dVkj lh vka[kks ls lhuk pkd djds
gekjs fny ds d+kyhu ij vius d+neks ds fu”kku cuk xbZ
gSaA
------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
 [k & [k+
• [k+e & [+;ky
• [k+kesk”kh & vkf[k+j
• lq[k+Z & v[k+ckj
• lqf[kZ+;k & [k+r
• [k+kyk & fu[kjh & uks +
• fc[kjh & uks + & nkf[k+y
• [k+kSQ+t+nk & #[k+
• [k+kunku & ph[k+
• [k+wc & [kks[kyh uks +
• eq[k+kyQr & [k+Qk
• #[k+lrh & [kqndq”kh & uks +
• [k+Sfj;r & ph[k+uk
• “k[klh;r & v[k+jktkr
• [k+klk & cq[k+kj
• “kks[k+ & [k+pkZ
• [kir & uks + & [ksi & uks +
• ea[+[ku & [k+jkc
• [kq+yklk & [k+kfjt
• [k+kunku & [k+kyh
• [k+qjkd & [k+wclwjr
• [k+kukcnks”k & [kkuk uks +
• ph[k+ & [k+q+yklk
• [k+wch & [k+q”k
• [kq+nkbZ &Hkxoku & [kqnkbZ & t+ehu
• nkst[k+ & [kkst & uks +
• f[k+rkc & [k+kd
• vkf[k+j & [kkdh 7&uks
• f[k+ykQ & [k+q[kkj
• [k+Sjkr & eq[k+fcj ][+kke & det+ksj
• iV+k[k+k & [k+e [+;ky cq[k+kj “kks[+k
--------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------
• ,d ckj [kkuk Fkk [k+ku lkgsc ds ;gkaA ge igqaps vkSj
[k+ku lkgsc ls ckr phr ds ckn [k+kulkeka us nLrj[k+kuk
ij [kkuk yxk fn;kA [k+Saj] ge yksx nLrj[k+kuk ij
cSBSaA [kkus dh yktokc [k+w”cw ls fny fnekax+ lc
f[ky mBkA exj [k+ku lkgc Fks] fd ckrs gh fd, tk jgs Fks
vkSj m/kj gekjs isV dk ;g gky fd cl tfYn ls fcfLeYykg
fd;k tk,A [k+Sj [k+ku lkgc dks [kkus dh ;kn vkbZ vkSj
[kkuk “kq# fd;k tk, A okg] D;k [k+q”kcq Fkh]
gqvk ;g fd dec[+r [k+kulkeks us [kkus es yky fepZ]
bruh T+;knk M+kyh Fkh fd lkjk [kkuk [k+jkc dj ds j[k
fn;k FkkA [k+ku lkgc us tc gekjh vka[kks vkSj t+qcku
ls ikuh vkrk ns[kk rks cqyk;k [k+kulkeks dks] cjl iM+s
[k+ku lkgc mu [k+kulkeks ijA vkSj dgk fd D;k ,sls
[k+kfrj vkSj f[k+ner dh tkrh gS ,sls [k+krwu]
[k+kunkuks dk] eSa rwEgkjh ru[+okg dkV dj cj[k+kLr
dj nwxkA

-------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------
 x & x+
• Xk+Sj & x+yr
• cx+y & x+e
• cx+Sj & cx+Sjkg
• iSx+ke & fnekx+
• fpjkx+ & ex+#j
• x+ksrs & x+jt+
• x+k;c & ckx+&ckx+
• vkx+ks”k & x+fuer
• nx+k & nkx+h
• xfjek & ukds + & lqjkx+
• vkax+kt+ & ex+jhc
• uekt+ & xqukg uks +
• x+qyke & x+Vk&x+V
• cx+hpk & eqx+ybZ
• x+nj & csnkx+
• x+jt+ & x+e eqx+y nkx+h

• ux+ek xks”r dh cM+h “kkSd+hu gSA ;g lksp dj

xqYQ+ke fe;k gkFk esa x+qysy fy,] gksBks ij dksbZ xhr
xquxqukrs gq, taxy igqps vkSj yxs cVsj dk f”kdkj djusA
mUgksus x+qysy es iaRFkj nck;k gh Fkk fd mUgs
fxjfxV fn[kkbZ ns x;kA vc ekjs ?kcjkgV x+qYQ+ke fe;k
x+Q+yr es vk x;s] x+qysy gkFk ls x+k;c gks xbZ vkSj
x+qYQ+ke fe;k t+ehu ij fxj iM+sA geus ns[kk rks
nkSM+dj d+jhc igqpsA ns[kk ,d fxygjh mUgs x++qjkZ
jgh gSA ges Hkh yxk vkt Ql x;s x+yr txgA geus Hkh
dgk vjs Hkkb ux+ek x+kfyc dh x+t+y lqukvks rks
 Q &Q+
• fQj & fQ+j
• Lksakprk & lksprk