LITERATURE REVIEW

S/N 1
Title of Paper Fault detection and classification in electrical power transmission system using artificial neural
network
Author Name Majid Jamil, Sanjeev Sharma and Rajveer Singh

Workdone 1. Feed forward neural network along with back propagation algorithm has been employed.
2. Analysis with varying number of hidden layers has been performed to validate the choice of the
neural network.
3. Method developed utilizes the three phase voltages and three phase currents as inputs to the neural
networks.
4. The inputs were normalized with respect to their pre-fault values. Determine the type of fault from
the patterns of pre fault and post fault voltages and currents.
5. In BPNN, the output is feedback to the input to calculate the change in the values of weights. The
proposed algorithm uses the Mean Square Error (MSE) technique for calculating the error in each
iteration.
6. Results shown in the paper is for line to ground fault only.

Conclusion 1. Protection system used for a transmission line can also be used to initiate the other relays to protect
the power system from outages.
2. BPNN delivers good performance, when they are trained with large training data set.
Advantage 1. The proposed method can be extended to the Distribution network of the Power System.
and 2. Other types of faults, e.g. LL, LLG and symmetrical three phase faults can be studied and ANNs can
Disadvantages be developed for each of these faults.
Conferences 2015, Jamil et al. Springer Plus
and Journals

2/4/2022 1
 LITERATURE REVIEW
S/N 2

Title of Paper Detection And Location of Fault in a Micro grid Using Wavelet Transform

Author Name Basanta K.Panigrahi, Prakash K. Ray, Pravat K. Rout, Sourav K.Sahu
Workdone 1. The proposed model is a hybrid combination of wind energy and photovoltaic generation system.
2. For detecting the fault, voltage signals are extracted and passed through wavelet transform.
3. Signals are analyzed using wavelet transform toolbox after selecting the suitable wavelet level.
4. From the analyzed signal the pre fault and post fault coefficients are derived.
5. Discrete Wavelet Transforms have been utilized for analyzing the signals and coefficients are
obtained for estimating the fault locations.
6. For the detection of fault some parameters are measured like voltage change, frequency or peak
value of the pre fault and post fault signal
7. For the analysis of detection of islanding and other type of fault, negative sequence method is
used.
Conclusion 1. Extracted signal of voltage is applied to the three-phase sequence analyzer.
2. The proposed method is able to locate the fault with a error of
3.6%.
Advantage and 1. The wavelet transform has the special property of time-frequency resolution, from which we
Disadvantages can detect the fault.
2. Negative sequence component method gives information about disturbance condition in the
micro grid and gives very good idea about islanding detection with the presence of noise.

Conferences 2017, International Conference on circuits Power and Computing Technologies [ICCPCT], IEEE
and Journals

2/4/2022 2
 LITERATURE REVIEW
S/N 3

Title of Paper Detection and classification of faults in a microgrid using wavelet neural network

Author Name Basanta Panigrahi, Prakash Ray, Pravat Rout, Asit Mohanty & Kumaresh Pal

Workdone 1. Wavelet transform (WT) and Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT) are used for detection and feature
extraction of faulted signals.
2. Artificial neural network (ANN), neurofuzzy (NF) and Wavelet Neural Network (WNN) are
implemented to classify various faults.
3. Hybrid Approach classifier.
Conclusion 1. Correct % of classification of fault and islanding in a microgrid using
NF-92%
ANN- 92.06%
WNN- 96.5%
2. WNN has better accuracy to classify various faults
Advantage 1. WT and WPT protect Microgrid and a large power system
and 2. WPT has better noise performance
Diadvantages 3. Less computaional effort

Conferences 2017, Journal of Information &Optimization Sciences. Taylor & Francis

and Journals

2/4/2022 3
 LITERATURE REVIEW
S/N 4
Title of Paper Detection of Islanding and Fault Disturbances in Microgrid using Wavelet Packet Transform

Author Name Prakash K. Ray, Basanta K. Panigrahi, Pravat K. Rout, Asit Mohanty, Foo Y. S. Eddy & Hoay Beng Gooi

Workdone 1. This paper proposed WT and WPT based techniques for detection of islanding and fault
disturbances in a microgrid consisting of resources like wind turbine generator, fuel cell (FC), and
microturbine. Voltage signal is extracted at the point of common coupling (PCC) and is passed
through these detection techniques to obtain the time-frequency multi-resolution analysis.
2. A comparative analysis using WT and WPT is presented in the form of graphical simulation as well
as in terms of PIs(performance indices like standard deviation) to analyse their effectiveness and
robustness under different operating conditions.

Conclusion 1. The proposed methods take advantage of time and frequency localisation of the WT and WPT
applied to the high-frequency components introduced by the rotating machine and inverter-based
DGs at the PCC.
2. WT and WPT could characterise and identify islanding and fault disturbances based on the variation
of contours and the statistical parameters and entropy.
Advantage 1. WPT shows better detection capability in comparison to WT even under 20-dB noisy scenarios.
and
Disadvantage
s
Conferences 2018, IETE Journal of Research, Taylor & Fransis.
and Journals

2/4/2022 4
 LITERATURE REVIEW
S/N 5
Title of Paper Identification of Faults in Microgrid Using Artificial Neural Networks

Author Name Sri Kolla, Peter Onwonga

Workdone 1. The microgrid model considered has a wind generator, a solar photovoltaic system, and a diesel
generator.
2. fault voltages and currents are used for training the ANN.
3. The feedforward neural network in MATLAB trained well using Levenberg-Marquardt method. The
trained ANN is then tested using simulated data to detect various faults.
4. The simulations include both normal operation and four types of faults: LG, LL, LLG and three-phase
fault, at different distances of a distribution line.
5. In general, the steady-state fault currents for islanded mode operation are lower than the grid-
connected mode. The RMS values computed using DFT method are used to train and test the ANN.

Conclusion 1. Other signals that may be considered in future studies include instantaneous values of voltages and
currents.
2. Work is in progress to use ANN for detecting faults for both grid-connected and islanded modes.
Advantage 1. The ANN is successful in identifying faults using trained and untrained data for the microgrid.
and 2. The single hidden layer network could not train well with the data.
Disadvantage 3. Two hidden layer network performed better during training.
s 4. The traditional overcurrent protection schemes set for grid connected mode may have difficulty in
detecting faults in islanded mode because of low fault currents.
5. When the microgrid is disconnected from the main grid, it operates in islanded mode. For the
microgrid to operate in both modes, it must have sufficient distributed generation or storage
devices that match the load.
Conferences 2020, IEEE
and Journals

2/4/2022 5
 LITERATURE REVIEW
S/N 6
Title of Paper Fault Classification for DG integrated Hybrid Power System using Wavelet Neural Network Approach

Author Name Anshuman Bhuyan, Basanta K.Panigrahi, Subhendu Pati

Workdone 1. The two DGs connected in the proposed test system are Wind DG and Photovoltaic (PV) DG.
2. The target of this work is to classify the fault correctly in the proposed test system.
3. The data set collected from the point of common coupling (PCC) is with various conditions of fault
with a distinct resistant level.
4. The training data set is utilized to train the classification of fault data set, which is performed at
fault distances of 20km, 30km, 40km and 50km for various kinds of faults and islands at different
fault resistance (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 ohms).

Conclusion 1. Classification of faults using WNN is able to correctly recognize the faults with very high accuracy in
the simulated model of hybrid network.
2. The proposed method of classification of faults using WNN offers correct classification result up to
99% with various conditions of fault with a distinct resistant level.
3. In this case, with higher data size, the consistent and accurate classification of fault and islanding
can be improved.
Advantage 1. The simulation results illustrate that the WNN technique is very accurate and robust under
and different fault conditions.
Disadvantage 2. The WNN is an advanced type of neural network with the capability in identifying and classifying
s faults. Wavelets are actually a basic type of elements having an oscillation of fixed duration and it
makes wavelet shapes look like “small waves”.
3. Wavelets are having the nature of multiple resolutions, so it is best suited for the analysis of
images and physical signals.
Conferences 2021, 1st Odisha International Conference on Electrical Power Engineering, Communication and
and Journals Computing Technology (ODICON), IEEE

2/4/2022 6
 Thank You

2/4/2022 7