COMMUNICATION

in Nursing

By irfan channa
Nursing instructor
Aspects of Communication (i)

 Sender - the one who conveys the

message to another person.

 Message - the thought, idea, or emotion

conveyed.

 Channel - how the message is sent.

Aspects of Communication (ii)

 Receiver - physiological/ psychological

components.

 Feedback - the receiver’s response to

the sender.

 Influences - Culture, education,

emotions and other factors involved.
Methods of Communication

 Verbal - Speaking, Listening, Writing,

Reading.

 Nonverbal - Gestures, Facial

Expressions, Posture and Gait, Tone of
Voice, Touch, Eye Contact, Body
Position, Physical Appearance.
Influences on Communication

 Age  Language

 Education  Attention

 Emotions  Surroundings

 Culture
Congruency of Messages

 Verbal and nonverbal communication

must be congruent, or in agreement.
Listening and Observing

 Listening and observing are two of the

most valuable skills a nurse can have.

 These two skills are used to gather the

subjective and objective data for the
nursing assessment.
Active Listening

 The process of hearing spoken words

and noting nonverbal behavior.

 Active listening takes energy and

concentration.
Therapeutic Communication

 Sometimes called effective

communication, it is purposeful and
goal-oriented, creating a beneficial
outcome for the client.
Goals of Therapeutic Communication

 To obtain or provide information

 To develop trust

 To show caring

 To explore feelings
Enhancing Communication
 Self-Disclosure.
 Caring.
 Genuineness.
 Warmth.
 Active Listening.
 Empathy (the capacity to understand another’s
feelings).
 Acceptance and respect.
Communication Techniques
 Clarifying/validating.

 Asking open questions.

 Using indirect statements.

 Paraphrasing.

 Summarizing.

 Focusing.
Barriers Communication
 Closed questions.

 False reassurance.

 Judgmental responses.

 Changing the subject.

Nurse-Client Communication

 Almost every nurse-client interaction

should involve therapeutic
communication.

 Nurse-client communication is
influenced by both the nurse and the
client.
Three Phases of Nurse-Client Communication

 Introduction: Fairly short; expectations clarified; mutual

goals set

 Working: Major portion of the interaction; used to

accomplish goals outlined in introduction; feedback from
client essential.

 Termination: Nurse asks if client has questions;

summarizing the topic is another way to indicate
closure.
Determinant Factors in Communication

A nurse’s communication is affected by:

 Past Experience
 State of Health
 Home Situation
 Workload
 Staff Relations
Determinant Factors in Communication

A client’s communication is affected by:

 Social Factors
 Religion
 Family Situation
 Level of Consciousness
 Stage of Illness
 Visual, Hearing and Speech Ability
 Language Proficiency
summary

 Communication
 Elements of communication
 Characteristics of effective communication
 Factors effecting effective communication
 Therapeutic communication
 Patient teaching
 Role of nurse in patient teaching
If you have any quarry

Feel free to ask!