Training Module

ASHA
 Learning Outcome
At the end of this unit, the participant will be able to:

•Understand transmission of malaria and identify its symptoms

• Diagnose and treat malaria cases in the community

• Understand Integrated Vector Management techniques

• Strengthen surveillance at the community level

• Timely record and report malaria cases

The session includes 75 slides and will be completed in 100 minutes

 Contents

1. Introduction to Malaria and its transmission

2. Diagnosis of Malaria
3. Treatment of Malaria
4. Integrated Vector Management
5. Surveillance of Malaria
6. Recording and Reporting
7. Information Education Communication (IEC) & Behaviour Change
Communication (BCC)
8. Roles and responsibilities of ASHA
Introduction to Malaria and its Transmission
 What is Malaria?
• Malaria is a communicable disease caused by a parasite (micro-organism) called
Plasmodium
• There are different species of plasmodium parasite that cause malaria:
• Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malaria.
• Among them, P.vivax and P.falciparum are more prevalent in India
• This Malaria parasite is transmitted from one person to another by bite of infected female
anopheles mosquito.
• In India, there were 1.6 lakh malaria cases in 2021 with 63% were P. falciparum malaria
and 37% were P. vivax malaria

Plasmodium falciparum causes severe illness, can sometime lead to brain fever and death.

Prompt and effective treatment is important for controlling transmission and deaths due to malaria.
 Transmission of Malaria
• Malaria is transmitted from one person to another by bite of infected female anopheles
mosquito
• Parasite from infected person enters into the mosquito, multiplies and then mosquito
becomes capable for further transmission.
• Later when it bites another healthy person, the parasite enters the blood and infects
him/her.
•Relapse of malaria occurs when the infection persists in the liver of the infected person.

Person infected with Malaria Healthy person

Life Cycle of Anopheles Mosquito
Terrestrial stages

Pupae live in the water. Female mosquito lay eggs

They develop into adult, one at a time directly on
flying mosquitoes in 2-3 Adult water
days

Pupa Eggs Aquatic stages

Larvae live in water.

Egg hatched
They develop into
within 2-3 days
pupae in about 4-10
days Larva