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Learning Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to : Differentiate between constants and variables. Differentiate between the data types : Integer, Double, String, Boolean and date. Differentiate between mathematical and logical operators. Differentiate between sequence control structure and selection control structure.

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DEFINITION
CONSTANTS Constant is a virtual data container that stores information. The value will never change (remains constant) at any time during the course of a program. VARIABLES Variables is a virtual data container that stores information. The value inside may change at any time during the course of a program

const pi = 3.142
const MARGIN = 10

CONCLUSION
CONSTANT Characteristics Value is not changeable during the course of the program Usage Use constants when you want to declare something that wont be changed midway in your program execution VARIABLES Value can be change anytime during the course of the program Use variables to store data that may or will change during the running of the program

ACTIVITY

CONSTANTS VS VARIABLES
________________ ____________ Value is ________________ during the course of the program ________________ Value ________________ anytime during the course of the program ____________ Use constants when Use variables to store you want to declare data that something that ________________ ________________ during the running midway in your of the program program execution

DATA TYPES

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LEARNING OUTCOME
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to differentiate types of data that consists of :

Integer Double String Boolean Date

STANDARD DATA TYPES

INTEGER

DOUBLE

STRING

BOOLEAN

DATE

What is Data Types

Data types determines the type of data a variable can store, for example a number or a character

INTEGER

MAIN

DOUBLE

Any number value that may contain a fractional part or decimal point
Example :
1.2,

,
MAIN

STRING

MAIN
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BOOLEAN
Boolean provide two value either TRUE or FALSE Programmers usually use it to store status Example : If (marks40) TRUE score = PASS; else FALSE MAIN score = FAIL

DATE

Declare a date value

Example :
DD/MM/YY -> Date/Month/Year 26/01/09

NEXT

TYPE OF DATA

DEFINITION Any number that contain whole number that does not have fractional part Any number value that maybe contain a fractional part or decimal point Non-numerical that contain a sequence of characters value either TRUE or FALSE

EXAMPLE

INTEGER DOUBLE STRING BOOLEAN

1, 2, 100, 1090 1.2, , Name, address

If (marks40) score = PASS; else score = FAIL

DATE

Declare a date value

DD/MM/YY
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CONCLUSION
STANDARD DATA TYPES

INTEGER

DOUBLE

STRING

BOOLEAN

DATE

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ACTIVITY
1. There are several labels here.

2. I need volunteers to take the labels and paste them on the mahjong paper

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MATHEMATICAL AND LOGICAL OPERATORS

Operator is a symbol or notation that tells a computer to perform certain actions or operations. Lets look at some examples of Mathematical Operators

MATHEMATICAL AND LOGICAL OPERATORS

MATHEMATICAL AND LOGICAL OPERATORS

Let's look at some examples of Relational Operators

MATHEMATICAL AND LOGICAL OPERATORS

Let's look at some examples of Logical Operators.

DIFFERENCES

Mathematical operators Relational operators perform element-byperform mathematical element comparisons operations such as plus between two or substract. arrays.

Logical operators perform logical operations such as checking the condition of two Boolean values.

DIFFERENCES OF OPERATORS SYMBOL

These operators have their own symbols based on the programming language.

Activity 3
Instruction: Choose and click the correct answer.
1.

Operator is a program or software that tells the computer to perform certain actions or operations.
TRUE FALSE

2. An example of a logical operator is the plus (+) operation which will tell the computer to perform the add operation.
TRUE FALSE

3. Mathematical operators tell the computer to perform mathematical operations that are similar to operators in mathematics.
TRUE FALSE

4. Some examples of logical operation are: AND, OR and NOT.

TRUE FALSE

5. Mathematical operators perform logical operations such as checking the condition of two Boolean values.
TRUE FALSE

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CONTROL STRUCTURE
Structure of statements in programming that allows the programmer to control the flow of a program.

Differences between selection control and sequence control

Execution Flow Usage Flow Chart

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SELECTION CONTROL AND SEQUENCE CONTROL

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SELECTION CONTROL AND SEQUENCE CONTROL

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SELECTION CONTROL AND SEQUENCE CONTROL

ACTIVITY

1. _______________ refers to the linear execution of codes within a program. Its statements are executed one by one in consecutive order.
Sequence Control Selection Control

2. _____________enables the programmer to assign different events for different situations. Programmers can use it to implement decision making process within its program.
Sequence Control Selection Control

3. Control structure is a method or technique that allows the programmer to control the flow of a program.
True False

4. If else statement is an example of sequence control structures.

True False

EXCELENT!!!
GOOD JOB.

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

SORRY TRY AGAIN

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

QUIZ - Match
Constants 1 A B C D E F G H I J K L

Variables
Integer Double

2
3 4 5 6

1, 2, 100, 1090

String
Boolean Date Mathematical operators Relational operators Logical operators Sequence Control Structure Selection Control Structure

7
8 9
10 11

Not changeable TRUE or FALSE AND, OR, NOT < = > 1.2, , One by one in linear Can be changed
+, -, x Name, address Different position DD/MM/YY

12

EXCELENT!!!
GOOD JOB.

TEACHER is just giving the information, but WHO will achieve the excellent of life ??? ` ... INCREASE YOUR EFFORT
Dr. Fadhilah Kamsah

End of Lesson

THANK YOU!!!!