MATTER

MODULE 1 :
DESCRIBING MIXTURES
MATTER – anything that occupies space and has
mass or weight.

PHASES OF MATTER
• SOLID – has definite shape and • GAS – has no definite shape and
size volume.
• LIQUID – has a definite shape
but has a definite volume or the
amount of space occupied by an
object .
MIXTURE
 MIXTURE
• a material made up of two or more different substances
which are physically combined
• this means that the substance retain their properties
even after they are mixed
• are formed when substances, whether in solid, liquid,
and gas forms – are COMBINED
 TYPE OF MIXTURE
(according to form or appearance)

• HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE
- a mixture that has a uniform composition throughout
- can be in the form of liquid form or solid form
- only one (1) phase is seen or visible after mixing the
different components
Examples of HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE

• VINEGAR – acetic acid and water

• SOY SAUCE –
soybeans, wheat, salt, and yeast
• SUGAR SOLUTION – sugar and
water
• ALLOYS – any mixture of metal
ex. STEEL – iron and carbon
• How many form do you see after the different
components are mixed?
• What phase of matter is visible?
 TYPE OF MIXTURE
(according to form or appearance)

• HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE
- any mixture in which the substances are not distributed evenly
- mixture have no uniform composition
- the composition does not blend throughout
- the individual substances or components are recognizable
- the phases or substances are visible
 Examples of HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE
• FRESHLY SQUEEZED • MIXED NUTS • WATER AND OIL
ORANGE JUICE

• FRUIT SALAD
 • How many form do you see after the different
components are mixed?
• What phase of matter is visible?
• Can you still identify the substances or materials they were mixed?
 KINDS
OF MIXTURES
(SOLUTION, SUSPENSION,
and COLLOID)
SOLUTION
 SOLUTION
• are homogeneous mixture of two
substances, one of which is usually a liquid
• is formed when one substance dissolved in
another substance
 SOLUTION
• contains:
solute – a substance being dissolved, and

solvent – a substance that dissolves

the solute
 SOLUTION
• SOLVENT is usually the substance that is
present in greater quantity than the solute
• most common solvent is water, called as the
universal solvent, because it can dissolve so
many substances but not all
 SOLUTION
•when you look at the • might exist in liquid, solid, or
gas depending on the state of its
solution, it is not solvent
possible to • AIR is a gaseous solution
distinguish or identify • STEEL is a solid solution
a solute from a solvent • most solutions, are liquid in
which the solvent is water
 TYPES and EXAMPLES of SOLUTION
Examples Solute Solvent Type of Solution (Phase)

Acetic Acid Water

Vinegar Liquid dissolved in liquid
(Liquid) (Liquid)

Wine
Alcohol Water Liquid dissolved in liquid
(Liquid) (Liquid)
 TYPES and EXAMPLES of SOLUTION
Examples Solute Solvent Type of Solution (Phase)

Soft drinks
Carbon Water
Gas dissolved in liquid
Dioxide (Gas) (Liquid)

Dental amalgam
Silver Mercury
Solid dissolved in liquid
(Solid) (Liquid)
 TYPES and EXAMPLES of SOLUTION
Examples Solute Solvent Type of Solution (Phase)
Brass

Zinc Copper
Solid dissolved in solid
(Solid) (Solid)

Sugar Solution
Sugar Water
Solid dissolved in liquid
(Solid) (Liquid)
 SOLUBILITY
• refers to the amount of solute that can be
dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a
particular temperature
• the ability of a substance to be dissolved
by another substance
• terms: soluble substances and insoluble substances
SOLUBLE and INSOLUBLE
•SOLUBLE – •INSOLUBLE –
solutes or solutes or
substances that substances that does
dissolves in not dissolve in
solvents solvents
 MISCIBLE and
IMMISCIBLE SOLUTION
•MISCIBLE – • SOY SAUCE and VINEGAR

formed when
two (2) soluble
liquids dissolve
each other
 MISCIBLE and
IMMISCIBLE SOLUTION
• OIL and WATER
•IMMISCIBLE
– formed when
two (2) liquids are
insoluble to each
other
CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTION
measured on how much solute is dissolved in a solvent or solution

• DILUTE SOLUTION
– contains a small amount of dissolved
solute
CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTION
measured on how much solute is dissolved in a solvent or solution

• CONCENTRATED SOLUTION
– contains a LARGE amount of dissolved
solute
CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTION
measured on how much solute is dissolved in a solvent or solution

• SATURATED SOLUTION
– when there is much more solute in the
solution that the solvent cannot dissolve
anymore
SUSPENSION
 SUSPENSION
• are heterogeneous mixtures containing
larger particles that settles out when left
undisturbed.
• Substances that do not mix when combined
• Settle at the bottom or float on top
 SUSPENSION
• composed of:
dispersed material – the solute in a
solution, and
dispersion medium – the solvent in a
solution
SUSPENSION MEDICINE SAND, OIL, and WATER MUD and WATER
FLOUR and WATER
COLLOID
 COLLOID
• are heterogeneous mixtures with intermediate
particle size between a solution and suspension.
• Colloid particles may be seen in a beam of light
such as dust in air .
 COLLOID
•consists of:
a. Dispersed Phase
= the solute in a solution
= the size of the substance is between those in a
solution and a suspension.
= it can be a solid, liquid, or gas
 COLLOID
• consists of:
b. Dispersion Medium
= the solvent in a solution
= the most abundant particle
= it can be a solid, liquid, or gas
 TYNDALL EFFECT
• also known as Willis-Tyndall scattering
• light scattering by particles in a colloid or else
particles in a very fine suspension.
• it is named after the 19th-century
Physicist John Tindall.
 TYPES OF COLLOIDS
Dispersed Dispersing Examples
CATEGORY Particles Medium
Gemstones,
SOL
(Solid Sol)
Solid Solid Pearls, colored
glass, opal
Blood, paints,
gum, muddy
SOL
(Liquid Sol)
Solid Liquid water, gelatin,
milk of
magnesia
 TYPES OF COLLOIDS
Dispersed Dispersing Examples
CATEGORY Particles Medium

Milk, mayonnaise,
EMULSION Liquid Liquid facial cream,
ointment

jam, cheese, butter,

GELS Liquid Solid silica gel, shoe polish
 TYPES OF COLLOIDS
Dispersed Dispersing Examples
CATEGORY Particles Medium

Froth, soap lather,

FOAM Gas Liquid whipped cream,
(Liquid Foam) beating egg white

FOAM Styrofoam, pumice,

(Solid Foam) Gas Solid yeast bread, cake
icing, rubber bands,
 TYPES OF COLLOIDS
Dispersed Dispersing
CATEGORY Particles Medium Examples

AEROSOL Liquid Gas Fog, clouds

(Liquid Aerosol)

Smog (smoke
AEROSOL Solid Gas and fog), dust in
(Solid Aerosol) the air