CONSTRUCTION

SAFETY MANAGEMENT

R K PODDAR
 Points of discussion
• Construction Safety • Demolition

• Excavation • Drilling and Blasting

• Piling and Deep • Compressed Air

Foundations • Site Transport

• Concrete Framed • Material Handling

Structure • Handling Machinery

• Structure Steel Erection • Handling Tools

• Road Making • Life Saving Equipment and

• Tunneling Marine Operations

• Dewatering of Tunnels • Common Hazards

• Floor and Wall Opening • Fire Prevention

 CONSTRUCTION SAFETY
• Definition
• Legal Requirement
• Responsibility of Employer
• Reporting Occurrence of
Accidents
• Reporting Occurrence of
Hazards
• Action to be taken by the site
in-charge in case of accident
• First Aid
• Ambulance Room/ Dispensary
• Fire Prevention and Control
• Safe Working Environment
• Safety Clauses in Contract
Documents
• Safety Programme
• Safety Policy
• Safety Department
• Safety Officers
• Safety Records
Contd..
• Safety Training
• Safety Competitions,
Melas, etc.
• Outside co-operation

• SAFETY CLAUSES IN A TYPICAL CONTRACT DOCUMENT

• Scheme for Safety
• Breach of Safety Regulations
• General Safety Conditions

• INDIAN STANDARDS FOR SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION –

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

• AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS

 CONSTRUCTION SAFETY
Legal Requirements

There are four sources of legal requirement regarding safety as

applicable to construction sites and the construction industry,
namely:

1. Standard laid down by BIS.

2. Statutory provisions framed under various labour laws.
3. Contract conditions written into the Contract Document
signed by the client and Contractor when the work is
awarded.
4. Decisions, judgments and awards given by the judicial
authorities from time to time.
 EXCAVATION

• Fencing

• Shoring

• Access and Escape

• Other Precautions

• Common Hazards

• Responsibilities of Supervisor
 PILING AND DEEP FOUNDATIONS
• Introduction

• Piling Rigs

• Field Operations
• Centering the Pile
• Driving the Casing
• Driving Cap
• Lowering Reinforcement Cages
• Jammed Casings
• Grounding the Bailers/Chisels
• Completion of Pile Bore

• Sheet Piling

• Well Foundation

• General Precautions
 CONCRETE FRAMED STRUCTURE

Erection of concrete framed structure involve the following

operations:

• Transportation of material
• Handling of material
• Scaffolding and formwork
• Mixing of material
• Placement of concrete
• Curing of concrete
• Removal of formwork and scaffolding
 STRUCTURAL STEEL ERECTION

• Advance Planning • Surroundings

• Erection equipment • Other Precautions
• Cranes and Derricks • Safe Practices
• Hoists • Cutting and Welding
• Erection Tools • Works at Heights
• Structural Steel Works
• Scaffolding
• Form Work
• Machinery
 ROAD MAKING

• Hot Mix Plant

• Feed Hopper
• Dryer drum unit
• Hot Elevator and gradation control unit
• Mixing unit, and
• Bitumen unit
• Sprayers
• Spreaders and Pavers
• Heating Bitumen
• Traffic Management during Road Construction
• Road Maintenance
 TUNNELING & UNDERGROUND WORKS

• Causes of Hazards – are due to Drilling, Explosive and

Blasting, Mucking plant and equipment, Supporting the
excavation
• Drilling
• Mucking Plant and Equipment
• Supporting the Excavation
• Tunnelling Machine
• Tunnelling in Soft Ground
• Fore-poling
• Shield Tunnelling
• Working through a Shaft
• General Safety Measures
 DEWATERING OF TUNNELS

• Water
• Grouting
• Pumps for Dewatering
• Vertical Pumps
• Pump Selection
• Standby Pumps
• Safety for Pump Operation
• Check list for tunnelling work
 FLOOR AND WALL OPENING

• Floor Opening
• Wall Opening
• Cat-Walks
• Stairways
 DEMOLITION

• General Precautions
• Structure
• Walls and Floor
• Other portions
• Removal
• Mechanical Demolition
• Safety Checklist
• Services:
• Access
• Loading
• Structural members
• Worker protection
• Other hazards
 DRILLING AND BLASTING

• Transportation of Explosives
• Handling Explosives
• Storage of Explosives
• Shot firing
• Safety Fuse
• Disposal of Explosives
 COMPRESSED AIR

• Equipment
• Compressor
• Compression and Decompression
• Working Chamber
• Working in Compressed Air
• Medical Lock
• Fire Hazards
• Detection of Gases
• General Precautions
 SITE TRANSPORT

• Human Factor
• Vehicles and Drivers
• Loading
• Overloading
• Hazard Control
• Machine Faults
• Other Dangers
 MATERIAL HANDLING

• Acid • Oxygen
• Acetylene • Paint, Varnish and Enamel
• Bamboo • Paper
• Brushes • Petrol
• Carbide • Precaution
• Casting • Pipes
• Cells (battery) • Rubber Goods
• Precaution Cement • Steel Sections
• Cloth • Manual handling
• Coal • Tools
• Electrical Cables and Wires • Timber Components (Tool
• Electrode Handles)
• Firebrick • Sand Gravel and Crushed
• Glass Sheets and Plates Stones
• Leather Goods • Caissons
• Machined parts Precaution • Compression and
• Oil Decompression
 HANDLING MACHINERY

• General Precautions
• Earth moving machinery
• Lifting and Hoisting Machinery
• Tips for Operating Cranes
• Guy Derrick and Stiff Legs
• Transporting Machinery
• Concrete Mixers and Batching Plants
• Important hints for drivers
• Report for duty
• Inspection of vehicle and starting the day
• On entering roads
• Other Important Hints
 HANDLING TOOLS

• Electrical Tools
• Avoiding the Hazards
• Operating Precautions
• Electrical Safety
• Fuses
• Electric Installations
• Electrical works
• Pneumatic Tools
• Abrasive Tools
• Hand Tools
• Cutting Tools
 LIFE-SAVING EQUIPMENT AND MARINE OPERATIONS

• Life-Saving Equipment

• Safety Strap

• Life Line and Belt Safety

• Nets

• Marine Operations

• SCAFFOLDING CHECKLIST

• GUIDELINES ON SAFETY REQUIREMENT TO BE

FOLLOWED AT SITES OF CONSTRUCTION WORK
 COMMON HAZARDS

• Dust • Maintenance
• Impregnated Timber • House-Keeping
• Lead Poisoning • Materials
• Toxic Fumes • Movement
• Noise • Drowning
• Code of Practice for Reducing • Openings
Noise • Weight
• Vibrations
• Lighting
 FIRE PREVENTION

• Understanding Fire Chemistry

• How Fuels Behave in Fire
• Fire causes
• Types of Extinguishers and Use
• General Notes
• Fire Prevention Planning
• Checklist for fire prevention
CONSTRUCTION
&
ENVIRONMENT

R K PODDAR
• Impact of development on
environment
• India's environmental
scenario
• Environment Act
• Environmental protection and
public interest
• Rehabilitation and
resettlement issues in large
dams in India
• Solid waste management
• The environmental
assessment and review
process
• Environmental impact
assessment
• Environmental impact
assessment case study of
an expressway
• Environmental impact
assessment and
mitigative measures
 IMPACT OF DEVELOPMENT ON ENVIRONMENT

• Projected Impact of Environmental Pollution in the world

• Conclusion
 INDIA’S ENVIRONMENTAL SCENARIO

• Introduction
• Key Problems
• The Regulatory Framework
• The Way Forward: Sectoral Policy Reform
• Agenda for Action
• Environmental Setting and Priority Areas for Action
• Industrial Urban Environmental Problems
• Urbanization, Sanitation, and Waste Management
• Air Pollution
• Water Pollution
• Natural Resource-Based Environmental Problems/Issues
• Deforestation
• Biodiversity Loss
• Land Degradation
• Coastal and Marine Resource Degradation
• Concluding Remarks: Setting Environmental Priorities
 ENVIRONMENT ACT

• Delegated Legislation: The Methodology of EPA

• The Environmental Rules
• Environmental Audit
• Hazardous Substances and Industries
• Ecomark
• Delegation of Powers
• EPA and Judicial Interpretation
• Conclusion
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND PUBLIC INTEREST

• Techniques of Issuing Directions

• Evolution of Environmental Jurisprudence
• Balance the Conflicting Values
• Protection of Social Environment
• Filling Gaps in Law and Lacunae in Administration
• Environmental Awareness and Education
• Public Interest Litigation for Environment, not for Private Gains
• Committees and Commissions
• Deferential Attitude to Environmental Decisions
• Alternative Strategy: The Need for Environment
• Courts or Tribunal
 REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT
ISSUES IN LARGE DAMS IN INDIA

• Introduction
• Dam Building in India
• Rationale for the Policy Dialogue
• Deliberations in the Workshop
• Causes Behind the Anti-Dam Movements
• Criteria and Guidelines for Dams in India - Suggestions for
Improvement
 REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT
ISSUES IN LARGE DAMS IN INDIA

• Sardar Sarovar Dam

• Land Submergence
• Approach to Resettlement and Rehabilitation
• Nagarjuna Sagar
• Pong Dam
• Rehabilitation Package
• Some Key Factors
 REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT
ISSUES IN LARGE DAMS IN INDIA

• Tehri Dam
• Progress of Rural R & R so far
• Progress of Urban R & R
• Extent of Displacement
• Rural Displacement

• Upper Kolab Dam

• Effect on Siltation
 REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT
ISSUES IN LARGE DAMS IN INDIA

• Bhakra-Nangal Dam
• The Project
• The Sufferers
• Rehabilitation The Problems Remaining
 REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT
ISSUES IN LARGE DAMS IN INDIA

• Hirakund Dam
• Introduction
• Brief History of the Project
• Project Features
• Salient Features
• Rehabilitation & Resettlement
• Land Acquisition/Relocation
• Environmental Impact
• Alamatti Dam
• Alamatti Concerns
• Rehabilitation
 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

• Sources & Classification

• Public Health Aspects
• Methods of Collection
• Transfer Station
• Disposal Methods
• Open Dumping
• Sanitary Landfill
• Incineration
• Compositing
• Potential Methods of Disposal
• Utilization
• Recovery and Recycling - Paper
• Glass
• Metals
• Plastics
 THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
AND REVIEW PROCESS

• Environmental Review I Policies & Principles

• Environmental Review & the Project Cycle

• Overall Relationship to the Project Cycle

• Environmental Assessment Review &Project Appraisal

• Implementation & Supervision
• Completion & Evaluation

• Regional & Sartorial Environmental Assessments

• Regional Environmental Assessments
• Sartorial Environmental Assessments

• A Regional Monitoring Programme

• Pakistan Drainage Sector Environmental Assessment
• Nigeria Multistate Roads Project Sartorial
 THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
AND REVIEW PROCESS

• Environmental Assessment
• Recommendations Included
• Alternatives to Environmental Assessment
• Institutional Aspects of Environmental Assessment
• Inter Agency Coordination
• Involvement of Affected Groups & Local NGOs
• Strengthening Environmental Capabilities
• Financial Intermediary Lending

• Management of Environmental Assessment

• Cost & Time to Prepare Environmental Assessments
• Sources of Financing

• Procurement of Consultants

• Conclusion
 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

• Prevention Rather than Cure

• Complex Questions
• The Mandatory Model
• NEPA: An Illustration
• Pleas Against & In Favour of the Discretionary Model
• Merits
• Demerits
• Bhopal: Victim of a Discretionary Model
• Defective Assessment
• Discretionary Model: Judicial Reaction
• Final Environment Notification
• Amendment - A Step Ahead
• Methodology of EIA
• Introduction
• Overview of EIA Process
• Basics
 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
• Environmental Setting
• Impact Prediction & Assessment
• Methodologies for Environmental Impact Assessment
• Interaction Matrices
• Networks
• Overaly Techniques
• Conceptual EIA of Large Scale Electric Power Plants
• Air Pollution
• SPM Control
• SOx Control
• NOx Control
• Quantification of Environmental Damage
• Ash Disposal
• Disposal
• Ash Utilisation
• Quantification of Water Pollution
 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

• Large Scale Displacement

• Quantification of Displacement Discontent
• Forest Loss
• Quantification of Forest Loss
• Others
• Nuclear
• Finalizing the EIA
 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT &
MITIGATIVE MEASURES

• Introduction
• A Impacts During Construction Phase
• Impacts on Physical Resources
• Air Quality
• Mitigation Measure
• Noise Pollution
• Mitigation Measures
• Site Controls
• Source Controls
• Scheduling of Project Activities
• Physiography
• Mitigation Measures
• Water Bodies and Water Resources
• Water Quality
• Soil & Geology
 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT &
MITIGATIVE MEASURES

• Mitigation Measures
• Impacts on Ecological Resources
• Flora & Fauna
• Roadside Tree Affected by Project
• Mitigation Measures
• Land Use
• Mitigation Measures
• Impacts on Utility Services & Community Severance
• Impact During Operation Phase
• Positive Impacts
• Reduced Congestion & Enhanced Safety for
• Regional Traffic on the Road Corridors
• Reduced Accident Level
• Reduction in Fuel Consumption
• Better Urbanization Trends
 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT &
MITIGATIVE MEASURES

• Enhanced Industrial & Commercial Development

• Development of Tourism
• Higher Value to Perishable Goods & Reduced Wastage
• Impacts on Physical Resources
• Air Quality
• Noise Pollution
• Mitigative Measures
• Impact on Ecological Resources
• Flora & Fauna
• Land Use
 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT &
MITIGATIVE MEASURES

• Mitigation Measures
• Agriculture & Crops
• Impact on Quality of Life
• Socio-Economic Condition
• Accident Hazards & Safety
• Mitigation Measures
• Asthetic & Landscape
• Summary of Environmental Impact Assessment