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1water Supply9
1water Supply9
1water Supply9
Water Supply
Networks Dimensioning
Crossover flow
Fire flow
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Determination of Design Water Flowrates
(Water Quantities)
Qп.р - sum of the take off flows of all the pipes, fed by the one under consideration
Qп.р - the current pipe take off (distributed) flow
Qk - concentrated (big) take off flows, fed by the pipe under consideration
Qпп - fire flow
Qtp - the current pipe crossover flow 4
Qop - design flowrate (water quantity)
Hydraulic Calculations
Pressure Pipe Flow
Parameters
Flowrate - Q
Velocity - v
Pipe diameter - D
Hydraulic gradient - I
Head losses - h
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Hydraulics Relationships
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.D (1) Continuity equation
Q v.
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8.g D
v . .I (2) Chezy equation
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1 2,51.
2. log (3) Collebrook - White equation
v.D. 3,7.D
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Branched Distribution Network Dimensioning
Without (a) and with (b) fixed service reservoir position
a)
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Branched Distribution Network Dimensioning
H
I mean
l
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Branched Distribution Network Dimensioning
Tables
Graphs
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Looped Distribution Network Dimensioning
Main Approaches:
I. Virtual transfer of the looped network into branched one
Definition of the flows directions (according to the branches lay out)
Calculation of the design flowrates for every pipe
Dimensioning of the pipes and calculation of the head losses
Determination of the dynamic hydraulic head spatial distribution
and the service reservoir elevation (position)
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Looped Distribution Network Dimensioning
Head losses balance
For the head losses balance keeping, a correction flowrate - q is
introduced, according to the design method of Lobachev - Kross
(Lobachov,1932; Hardy Cross, 1936):
q = h / 2. s.Q , l/s
h - head losses misbalance value at the relevant network loop (ring)
s.Q - head losses at the relevant network loop (ring)
The correction flowrate values - q for every pipe in the network
are calculated applying the iterative calculation procedure over
entire the network. Since both the mass and head losses balances
have to be considered simultaneously at every node and loop of the
network, respectively, calculations include simultaneous solution
of system of N-number equations (N = number of nodes - 1, plus
number of relevant loops) at every step of iteration. The number
of unknown (searched for) water flowrates - Q is equal to the
number of the pipes in the loop network and therefore is equal to
N. The calculations are performed by means of computer and 14
relevant software.
Looped Distribution Network Dimensioning
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